---
title: upheaval — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upheaval» in the school dictionary: An upheaval is a big, sudden change that causes confusion, disorder or worry, like moving house or a war. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upheaval

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** upheaval, big sudden change, strong upward movement, Moving, war, Building work · **What happens:** be, cause, move, push up, bring, form · **To what, where:** big sudden change, confusion, house, strong upward movement, land, new country

<!-- .vabout -->
«upheaval» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upheaval in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upheaval.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upheaval is a big, sudden change that causes confusion, disorder or worry, like moving house or a war.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:m1:1
# text = An upheaval is a big, sudden change that causes confusion, disorder or worry, like moving house or a war.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	disorder	disorder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	worry	worry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
19	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a upheaval | a big sudden change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | present | a big sudden change | confusion and disorder or worry |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition confusion=Patient |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | a big sudden change *not said here* | house or a war |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geology — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upheaval is a strong upward movement of the Earth's crust that pushes up land or rocks.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:m2:1
# text = An upheaval is a strong upward movement of the Earth's crust that pushes up land or rocks.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	upward	upward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pushes	push	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a upheaval | a strong upward movement |  |  |  | of the Earth's crust | tree rules |
| 2 | **push up** | present | a strong upward movement | land or rocks |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving to a new country was a big upheaval.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x1:1
# text = Moving to a new country was a big upheaval.
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  | a new country |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to country=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Moving | a big upheaval |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war brought great upheaval to the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x2:1
# text = The war brought great upheaval to the town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the war | great upheaval |  | the town |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent upheaval=Theme to town=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Building work caused upheaval in our kitchen for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x3:1
# text = Building work caused upheaval in our kitchen for weeks.
1	Building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Building work | upheaval |  | our kitchen | week |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition upheaval=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Industrial Revolution was a time of upheaval.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x4:1
# text = The Industrial Revolution was a time of upheaval.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Industrial	industrial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Revolution	Revolution	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Industrial Revolution | a time |  |  |  | of upheaval | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mountains were formed by upheavals of the Earth's crust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x5:1
# text = Mountains were formed by upheavals of the Earth's crust.
1	Mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	upheavals	upheaval	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past · passive | upheavals of the Earth's crust | Mountains |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |
| 2 | **upheave** |  |  | the Earth's crust |  |  |  |  | nom upheaval «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A new school can be an upheaval, but it gets easier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upheaval:x6:1
# text = A new school can be an upheaval, but it gets easier.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	upheaval	upheaval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a new school | a upheaval |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | school |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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