---
title: upholstery — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upholstery» in the school dictionary: Upholstery is the soft padding, springs and cloth or leather that cover sofas, armchairs and car seats. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upholstery

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upholstery, that, job, you, cat, Grandad · **What happens:** be, cover, make, not put, scratch, learn · **To what, where:** soft padding, sofas, craft, furniture, muddy shoes, upholstery

<!-- .vabout -->
«upholstery» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upholstery in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upholstery.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upholstery is the soft padding, springs and cloth or leather that cover sofas, armchairs and car seats.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:m1:1
# text = Upholstery is the soft padding, springs and cloth or leather that cover sofas, armchairs and car seats.
1	Upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	padding	padding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	springs	spring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	cover	cover	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	sofas	sofa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	armchairs	armchair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Upholstery | the soft padding and springs and cloth or leather |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | present | that | sofas and armchairs and car seats |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme sofa=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upholstery is also the craft or job of making and covering furniture in this way.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:m2:1
# text = Upholstery is also the craft or job of making and covering furniture in this way.
1	Upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	craft	craft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	conj	_	_
12	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Upholstery | the craft or job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | job *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **cover** | gerund | job *not said here* | furniture |  |  |  | in this way | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent furniture=Destination in way=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't put muddy shoes on the upholstery!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x1:1
# text = Don't put muddy shoes on the upholstery!
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | muddy shoes |  | the upholstery |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme on upholstery=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car's upholstery is grey cloth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x2:1
# text = The car's upholstery is grey cloth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the car's upholstery | grey cloth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat scratched the sofa's upholstery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x3:1
# text = The cat scratched the sofa's upholstery.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | the cat | the sofa's upholstery |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upholstery=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad learned upholstery and fixed old chairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x4:1
# text = Grandad learned upholstery and fixed old chairs.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	chairs	chair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Grandad | upholstery |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upholstery=Topic |
| 2 | **fix** | participle | Grandad *not said here* | old chairs |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent chair=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cleaned the juice stain off the upholstery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x5:1
# text = We cleaned the juice stain off the upholstery.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	stain	stain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | We | the juice stain |  | the upholstery |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent stain=Theme off upholstery=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The leather upholstery felt cold in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upholstery:x6:1
# text = The leather upholstery felt cold in winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	upholstery	upholstery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the leather upholstery |  |  |  | winter | cold *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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