---
title: upland — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upland» in the school dictionary: Upland is high land, hills or high ground away from the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upland

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upland, Sheep, upland farms, Curlews, Scotland, river · **What happens:** be, describe in, graze, nest, have, start · **To what, where:** high land, things, upland moors, large areas, uplands, poultry

<!-- .vabout -->
«upland» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upland in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upland.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upland is high land, hills or high ground away from the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:m1:1
# text = Upland is high land, hills or high ground away from the sea.
1	Upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Upland | high land and hills or high ground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upland describes things in or of high land: upland farms, upland birds.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:m2:1
# text = Upland describes things in or of high land: upland farms, upland birds.
1	Upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	upland	upland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe in** | present | Upland | things |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sheep graze on the uplands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x1:1
# text = Sheep graze on the uplands.
1	Sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	graze	graze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	uplands	upland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | present | Sheep |  |  |  |  | on the uplands | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on upland=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upland farms are small and windy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x2:1
# text = The upland farms are small and windy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	windy	windy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the upland farms |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the upland farms *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Curlews nest on upland moors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x3:1
# text = Curlews nest on upland moors.
1	Curlews	curlew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	nest	nest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	upland	upland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	moors	moor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nest** | present | Curlews |  |  | upland moors |  |  | vn berry-13.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scotland has large areas of upland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x4:1
# text = Scotland has large areas of upland.
1	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Scotland | large areas of upland |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river starts in the uplands and flows to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x5:1
# text = The river starts in the uplands and flows to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	uplands	upland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the river |  |  | the uplands |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **flow** | present | the river *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upland streams are fast and cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x6:1
# text = Upland streams are fast and cold.
1	Upland	upland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Upland streams |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Upland streams *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had poultry in their yards, sheep on the uplands, and scores of cattle in the meadow-land alongside the river.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upland:x7:1
# text = They had poultry in their yards, sheep on the uplands, and scores of cattle in the meadow-land alongside the river.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	poultry	poultry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	yards	yard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	uplands	upland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	scores	score	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	meadow	meadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
22	alongside	alongside	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | They | poultry |  |  |  | in their yards and sheep on the uplands | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poultry=Patient |
| 2 | **score** |  |  | cattle in the meadow land alongside the river |  |  |  |  | nom score «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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