---
title: upright — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upright» in the school dictionary: Upright means standing or sitting straight up, not lying down or leaning. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upright

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upright, upright person, post, upright piano, tall piano, you · **What happens:** mean, stand, sit, not lie down, lean, be · **To what, where:** post, tall piano, wall, desk, bottle, upright

<!-- .vabout -->
«upright» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upright in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upright.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upright means standing or sitting straight up, not lying down or leaning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:m1:1
# text = Upright means standing or sitting straight up, not lying down or leaning.
1	Upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
6	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	up	up	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	leaning	lean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Upright |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stand** *not said to happen* | gerund | Upright *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sit** | gerund | Upright *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **lie down** | gerund | Upright *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lean** | gerund | Upright *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upright person is honest and good.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:m2:1
# text = An upright person is honest and good.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a upright person |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a upright person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upright is a post that stands straight up, like the side posts of a goal.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:m3:1
# text = An upright is a post that stands straight up, like the side posts of a goal.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	posts	post	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a upright | a post |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | a post |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upright piano is a tall piano that stands against a wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:m4:1
# text = An upright piano is a tall piano that stands against a wall.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a upright piano | a tall piano |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | a tall piano |  |  | a wall |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against wall=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit upright at your desk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x1:1
# text = Sit upright at your desk.
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your desk |  | upright *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at desk=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the bottle upright so it doesn't leak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x2:1
# text = Keep the bottle upright so it doesn't leak.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	leak	leak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bottle |  |  |  | upright *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bottle=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **leak** | present · do-support | bottle |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree was still upright after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x3:1
# text = The tree was still upright after the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the tree |  |  |  | after the storm | upright *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ball hit the upright and bounced back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x4:1
# text = The ball hit the upright and bounced back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bounced	bounce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | past | the ball | the upright |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme upright=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **bounce back** | past | the ball *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sat bolt upright when she heard the noise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x5:1
# text = She sat bolt upright when she heard the noise.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bolt	bolt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | She |  |  |  |  | bolt, upright *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | past | she | the noise |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is an upright and honest man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x6:1
# text = He is an upright and honest man.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	upright	upright	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a upright and honest man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We have an upright piano in the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x7:1
# text = We have an upright piano in the hall.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | We | a upright piano |  | the hall |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piano=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins walk upright on two feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x8:1
# text = Penguins walk upright on two feet.
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | Penguins |  |  | two feet |  | upright *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on foot=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the bearskin fell away from them, and they stood upright once more.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upright:x9:1
# text = Then the bearskin fell away from them, and they stood upright once more.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bearskin	bearskin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	upright	upright	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	14	advmod	_	_
14	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall away** | past | the bearskin |  |  |  | then | from them *= they*; away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **stand** | past | they |  |  |  |  | upright *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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