---
title: upside — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upside» in the school dictionary: "Upside down" means with the top at the bottom and the bottom at the top. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upside

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upside, Bats, You, burglar, 6 upside, He · **What happens:** mean, be, turn down, sleep down, hold, turn · **To what, where:** good side, room, upside, map upside, house upside, pancake upside

<!-- .vabout -->
«upside» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upside in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upside.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Upside down" means with the top at the bottom and the bottom at the top.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:m1:1
# text = "Upside down" means with the top at the bottom and the bottom at the top.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with the top at the bottom and the bottom at the top | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Upside down" also means in a big mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:m2:1
# text = "Upside down" also means in a big mess.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Upside |  |  |  |  | in a big mess | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in mess=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The room was turned upside down."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:m2e:1
# text = "The room was turned upside down."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn down** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | the room |  |  |  | down *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upside is the good side of something that is mostly bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:m3:1
# text = The upside is the good side of something that is mostly bad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the upside | the good side |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | bad, mostly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats sleep upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x1:1
# text = Bats sleep upside down.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep down** | present | Bats | upside |  |  |  | down *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You're holding the map upside down!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x2:1
# text = You're holding the map upside down!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · progressive | You | the map upside |  |  |  | down *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The burglar turned the house upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x3:1
# text = The burglar turned the house upside down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	burglar	burglar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the burglar | the house upside |  |  |  | down *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent upside=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A 6 upside down looks like a 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x4:1
# text = A 6 upside down looks like a 9.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | a 6 upside |  |  |  |  | like a 9; down *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upside of rain is that the garden gets watered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x5:1
# text = The upside of rain is that the garden gets watered.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	gets	get	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	watered	water	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | the upside of rain |  |  |  | water *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flip the pancake upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x6:1
# text = Flip the pancake upside down.
1	Flip	flip	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	pancake	pancake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flip** | imperative | you *not said here* | the pancake upside |  |  |  | down *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He turned it upside down, but nothing came out, which surprised him very much.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upside:x7:1
# text = He turned it upside down, but nothing came out, which surprised him very much.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	upside	upside	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
10	out	out	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	much	much	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | He | it |  |  |  | down *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **come out** | past | nothing |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **surprise** | past |  | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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