---
title: upstream — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upstream» in the school dictionary: Upstream means towards the source of a river or stream, against the way the water flows. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upstream

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upstream, water, upstream place, Swimming, most people, Salmon · **What happens:** mean, flow, be, swim, do, want · **To what, where:** way, something, eggs, canoe, hard work, cleaner water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«upstream» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upstream in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upstream.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upstream means towards the source of a river or stream, against the way the water flows.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:m1:1
# text = Upstream means towards the source of a river or stream, against the way the water flows.
1	Upstream	upstream	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Upstream |  |  |  |  | towards the source of a river or stream | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **flow** | present | the water | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upstream place is further up the river, nearer its source.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:m2:1
# text = An upstream place is further up the river, nearer its source.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upstream	upstream	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	further	further	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a upstream place |  |  |  |  | up the river; further *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming upstream can mean doing something hard, against what most people do or want.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:m3:1
# text = Swimming upstream can mean doing something hard, against what most people do or want.
1	Swimming	swim	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	obl	_	_
11	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | upstream *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | can | Swimming |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | gerund | Swimming *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **do** | present | most people |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **want** | infinitive | most people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salmon swim upstream to lay their eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x1:1
# text = Salmon swim upstream to lay their eggs.
1	Salmon	salmon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swim	swim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | Salmon |  |  |  |  | upstream *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **lay** | to-infinitive | Salmon *not said here* | Salmon's eggs |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We paddled the canoe upstream, which was hard work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x2:1
# text = We paddled the canoe upstream, which was hard work.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paddled	paddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paddle** | past | We | the canoe and hard work |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent canoe=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the canoe and hard work | hard work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village upstream has cleaner water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x3:1
# text = The village upstream has cleaner water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	cleaner	clean	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the village | cleaner water |  |  |  | upstream *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x4:1
# text = Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | Pollution | fish |  |  |  | downstream, upstream *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boat goes 10 km/h in still water and the river flows at 2 km/h, so upstream it goes 8 km/h.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x5:1
# text = A boat goes 10 km/h in still water and the river flows at 2 km/h, so upstream it goes 8 km/h.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	upstream	upstream	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
21	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	km/h	km/h	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a boat | 10 km/h |  | water |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location km/h=Theme |
| 2 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  | 2 km/h |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at km/h=Location |
| 3 | **go** | present | river | 8 km/h |  |  |  | upstream *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location km/h=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The source of the river is upstream from here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x6:1
# text = The source of the river is upstream from here.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	upstream	upstream	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the source of the river |  |  |  |  | upstream *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upstream:x7:1
# text = Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."
1	Remember	remember	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	upstream	upstream	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | upstream *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | I |  |  |  |  | downstream *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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