---
title: upthrust — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upthrust» in the school dictionary: The upward push that a liquid or gas gives to an object placed in it; it is why things float or feel lighter in water. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upthrust

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, upward push, push, things, mountains, water · **What happens:** liquid, give, place, be, float, feel · **To what, where:** object, push, boat, arrow, upthrust, cork

<!-- .vabout -->
«upthrust» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upthrust in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upthrust.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The upward push that a liquid or gas gives to an object placed in it; it is why things float or feel lighter in water.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:m1:1
# text = The upward push that a liquid or gas gives to an object placed in it; it is why things float or feel lighter in water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upward	upward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	conj	_	_
20	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	float	float	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl:relcl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
24	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	xcomp	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **liquid** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | the upward push |  | a object |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to object=Recipient |
| 3 | **place** | participle |  | a object *not said here* |  | push |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in it=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | present | push |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **float** | present | things |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **feel** | present | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | light *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geography — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pushing upward of rock or land, for example when mountains slowly rise.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:m2:1
# text = A pushing upward of rock or land, for example when mountains slowly rise.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	upward	upward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
12	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **rise** | present | mountains |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water gives the boat an upthrust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x1:1
# text = The water gives the boat an upthrust.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | the water | the boat |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent boat=Recipient upthrust=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ball feels lighter in the pool because of upthrust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x2:1
# text = A ball feels lighter in the pool because of upthrust.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | a ball |  |  |  |  | because upthrust; light *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw an arrow to show the upthrust on the cork.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x3:1
# text = Draw an arrow to show the upthrust on the cork.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cork	cork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a arrow |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the upthrust |  | the cork |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent upthrust=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If the upthrust equals the weight, the object floats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x4:1
# text = If the upthrust equals the weight, the object floats.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	equals	equal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **equal** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the upthrust | the weight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | present | the object |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stone sinks because its weight is bigger than the upthrust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x5:1
# text = A stone sinks because its weight is bigger than the upthrust.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	advcl	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | a stone |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | stone's weight |  |  |  |  | than the upthrust; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air gives a small upthrust to a balloon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x6:1
# text = Air gives a small upthrust to a balloon.
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Air | a small upthrust | a balloon |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent upthrust=Theme to balloon=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountains were formed by an upthrust of rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upthrust:x7:1
# text = The mountains were formed by an upthrust of rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	upthrust	upthrust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past · passive | a upthrust of rock | the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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