---
title: upturned — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upturned» in the school dictionary: Upturned means turned upside down: an upturned boat or bucket. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upturned

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, upturned boat, upturned faces, She, you, air · **What happens:** upturn, mean, turn, point, sit, lay · **To what, where:** turned upside, upturned crates, beach, fireworks, toys, upturned basket

<!-- .vabout -->
«upturned» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upturned in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upturned.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upturned means turned upside down: an upturned boat or bucket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:m1:1
# text = Upturned means turned upside down: an upturned boat or bucket.
1	Upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  | turned upside |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upside=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upturned can also mean turned or pointing upwards: an upturned face or nose.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:m2:1
# text = Upturned can also mean turned or pointing upwards: an upturned face or nose.
1	Upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pointing	point	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
8	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **point** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | upwards *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sat on upturned crates around the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x1:1
# text = We sat on upturned crates around the fire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	upturned	upturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	crates	crate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | We |  |  | upturned crates |  | around the fire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on crate=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upturned boat lay on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x2:1
# text = An upturned boat lay on the beach.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lay** | present | a upturned boat |  |  | the beach |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on beach=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children's upturned faces watched the fireworks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x3:1
# text = The children's upturned faces watched the fireworks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	upturned	upturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fireworks	firework	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | the children's upturned faces | the fireworks |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firework=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She hid her toys under an upturned basket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x4:1
# text = She hid her toys under an upturned basket.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	toys	toy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | She | her toys |  | a upturned basket |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent toy=Patient under basket=Location |
| 2 | **upturn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn a glass upturned into water and the air stays inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x5:1
# text = Turn a glass upturned into water and the air stays inside.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	upturned	upturn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | a glass |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glass=Theme |
| 2 | **upturn** | participle |  | a glass *not said here* |  | water |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** | present | the air |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy had a little upturned nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x6:1
# text = The puppy had a little upturned nose.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	upturned	upturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the puppy | a little upturned nose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Glinda leaned forward and kissed the sweet, upturned face of the loving little girl.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upturned:x7:1
# text = Glinda leaned forward and kissed the sweet, upturned face of the loving little girl.
1	Glinda	Glinda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	kissed	kiss	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	upturned	upturned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	loving	loving	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | Glinda |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kiss** | past | Glinda *not said here* | the sweet upturned face of the loving little girl |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Co-Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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