---
title: upward — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upward» in the school dictionary: Upward means going up, towards a higher place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# upward

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** prices, upward move, snail, lift, balloon, temperature · **What happens:** mean, go up, get, go, be, crawl · **To what, where:** one, 2, 4 floors, 50 metres, chimney, top · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«upward» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upward in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upward.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upward means going up, towards a higher place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:m1:1
# text = Upward means going up, towards a higher place.
1	Upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go up** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | towards a higher place | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upward also means getting bigger or higher in number, like prices or temperature going upward.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:m2:1
# text = Upward also means getting bigger or higher in number, like prices or temperature going upward.
1	Upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	ccomp	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
16	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **go** | gerund | prices or temperature |  |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, an upward move or slope is one that goes up.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:m3:1
# text = As an adjective, an upward move or slope is one that goes up.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	upward	upward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	slope	slope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a upward move or slope | one |  |  |  | as a adjective | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The snail crawls 3 metres upward each day and slides 2 down at night.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x1:1
# text = The snail crawls 3 metres upward each day and slides 2 down at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snail	snail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crawls	crawl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	slides	slide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crawl** | present | the snail |  |  |  | day | upward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **slide down** | present | the snail *not said here* | 2 |  |  | night | down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lift moved upward 4 floors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x2:1
# text = The lift moved upward 4 floors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lift	lift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the lift | 4 floors |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent floor=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The balloon rose upward 50 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x3:1
# text = The balloon rose upward 50 metres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | the balloon | 50 metres |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature went upward by 6 degrees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x4:1
# text = The temperature went upward by 6 degrees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the temperature |  |  |  |  | by 6 degrees; upward *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by degree=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoke drifts upward from the chimney.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x5:1
# text = Smoke drifts upward from the chimney.
1	Smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drifts	drift	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chimney	chimney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drift** | present | Smoke |  |  | the chimney |  | upward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from chimney=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She looked upward at the stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x6:1
# text = She looked upward at the stars.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | She |  |  |  |  | at the stars; upward *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at star=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The line on the graph goes upward, so sales grew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x7:1
# text = The line on the graph goes upward, so sales grew.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the line on the graph |  |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | past | sales |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants grow upward towards the sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x8:1
# text = Plants grow upward towards the sun.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sun.	sun.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Plants |  |  |  |  | towards the sun.; upward *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path climbs upward to the top of the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x9:1
# text = The path climbs upward to the top of the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	climbs	climb	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | present | the path |  |  | the top of the hill |  | upward *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Splash! splash! the water leaped upward into spray.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upward:x10:1
# text = Splash! splash! the water leaped upward into spray.
1	Splash	splash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
3	splash	splash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | participle |  | the water *not said here* |  | spray |  | upward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into spray=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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