---
title: upwind — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «upwind» in the school dictionary: Upwind means in the direction the wind is coming from, against the wind. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/upwind/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [U](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/) / upwind

# upwind

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Upwind, wind, you, smoke, deer, we · **What happens:** mean, come, be, blow, stand, not blow · **To what, where:** direction, upwind, face, us, houses, hard work

<!-- .vabout -->
«upwind» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [upwind in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/upwind.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upwind means in the direction the wind is coming from, against the wind.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:m1:1
# text = Upwind means in the direction the wind is coming from, against the wind.
1	Upwind	upwind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Upwind |  |  |  |  | in the direction | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in direction=Attribute |
| 2 | **come** | present · progressive | the wind | the direction *not said here* |  |  |  | against the wind | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location direction=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are upwind of something, the wind blows from you towards it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:m2:1
# text = If you are upwind of something, the wind blows from you towards it.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	upwind	upwind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	blows	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	_
13	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  | of something; upwind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **blow** | present | the wind |  |  |  |  | from you; towards it | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from you=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stand upwind of the barbecue so the smoke does not blow in your face.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x1:1
# text = Stand upwind of the barbecue so the smoke does not blow in your face.
1	Stand	stand	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	upwind	upwind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	barbecue	barbecue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | imperative | you *not said here* | upwind of the barbecue |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer upwind=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **blow** | present · do-support | the smoke |  |  | your face |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The deer smelled us because we were upwind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x2:1
# text = The deer smelled us because we were upwind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	upwind	upwind	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the deer | us |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | we |  |  |  |  | upwind *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is harder to sail upwind than downwind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x3:1
# text = It is harder to sail upwind than downwind.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sail	sail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	upwind	upwind	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	downwind	downwind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sail** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | than downwind; upwind *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory is upwind of the town, so the smell reaches the houses.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x4:1
# text = The factory is upwind of the town, so the smell reaches the houses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	upwind	upwind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	houses	house	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the factory |  |  |  |  | of the town; upwind *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **reach** | present | the smell | the houses |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent house=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep upwind of any chemical spill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x5:1
# text = Keep upwind of any chemical spill.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	upwind	upwind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spill	spill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | upwind of any chemical spill |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upwind=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cycled upwind and it was hard work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:upwind:x6:1
# text = We cycled upwind and it was hard work.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cycled	cycle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upwind	upwind	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cycle** | past | We |  |  |  |  | upwind *property* | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | it | hard work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [upward](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/upward/)
- next →: [uranium](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/uranium/)
- ↑ back to [U in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/)