---
title: urban — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «urban» in the school dictionary: To do with towns and cities, not the countryside. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# urban

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Most people, Foxes, Urban roads, We, alligator, Urban parks · **What happens:** do, live, learn, be, compare, give · **To what, where:** urban areas, urban gardens, urban life, geography, urban myth, space

<!-- .vabout -->
«urban» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [urban in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/urban.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with towns and cities, not the countryside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:m1:1
# text = To do with towns and cities, not the countryside.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	countryside	countryside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with towns and cities and the countryside | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people in the UK live in urban areas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x1:1
# text = Most people in the UK live in urban areas.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	areas	area	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Most people in the UK |  |  | urban areas |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in area=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foxes have learned to live in urban gardens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x2:1
# text = Foxes have learned to live in urban gardens.
1	Foxes	fox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · perfect | Foxes |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **live** | to-infinitive | Foxes *not said here* |  |  | urban gardens |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urban roads are busy at rush hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x3:1
# text = Urban roads are busy at rush hour.
1	Urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	busy	busy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	rush	rush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Urban roads |  |  |  | hour | busy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We compared urban and rural life in geography.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x4:1
# text = We compared urban and rural life in geography.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rural	rural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | We | urban life |  | geography |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The alligator in the sewer is just an urban myth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x5:1
# text = The alligator in the sewer is just an urban myth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	alligator	alligator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sewer	sewer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the alligator in the sewer | a urban myth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urban parks give city children space to play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urban:x6:1
# text = Urban parks give city children space to play.
1	Urban	urban	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	parks	park	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	iobj	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Urban parks | space | city children |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent child=Recipient space=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | to-infinitive | Urban parks *not said here* | space *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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