---
title: urdu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «urdu» in the school dictionary: A language spoken mainly in Pakistan and India, written with an Arabic-style script from right to left. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# urdu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, Urdu, We, Urdu poetry, love songs, poetry · **What happens:** speak, write, leave, do, be, learn · **To what, where:** language, Pakistan, Urdu, national language, sign, English · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«urdu» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [urdu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/urdu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A language spoken mainly in Pakistan and India, written with an Arabic-style script from right to left.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:m1:1
# text = A language spoken mainly in Pakistan and India, written with an Arabic-style script from right to left.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	mainly	mainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Pakistan	Pakistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
13	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  | Pakistan and India |  | mainly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | a language *not said here* |  |  |  | with a Arabic style script from right | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, to do with that language, such as Urdu poetry.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, to do with that language, such as Urdu poetry.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	Urdu	urdu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | as a adjective; with that language and Urdu poetry | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend speaks Urdu with her grandmother.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x1:1
# text = My friend speaks Urdu with her grandmother.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Urdu	Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend | Urdu |  |  |  | with friend's grandmother | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x2:1
# text = Urdu is the national language of Pakistan.
1	Urdu	Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Pakistan	Pakistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Urdu | the national language |  |  |  | of Pakistan | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign was written in English and Urdu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x3:1
# text = The sign was written in English and Urdu.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Urdu	Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | the sign |  | English and Urdu |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in english=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urdu is written from right to left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x4:1
# text = Urdu is written from right to left.
1	Urdu	Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | Urdu |  | right |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from right=Material |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned to say hello in Urdu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x5:1
# text = We learned to say hello in Urdu.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	hello	hello	INTJ	UH	_	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Urdu	Urdu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | Urdu |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent hello=Theme in urdu=Manner |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Urdu poetry is famous for its love songs called ghazals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:urdu:x6:1
# text = Urdu poetry is famous for its love songs called ghazals.
1	Urdu	urdu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	ghazals	ghazal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Urdu poetry |  |  |  |  | for poetry's love songs; famous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | poetry's love songs *not said here* | ghazals |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** |  | poetry |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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