---
title: vaccine — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vaccine» in the school dictionary: A vaccine is a medicine, usually given as an injection, that teaches your body to fight a particular disease, so you do not get very ill from it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vaccine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vaccine, injection, body, you, I, Smallpox · **What happens:** be, give, teach, fight, not get, have · **To what, where:** medicine, body, particular disease, vaccine, doctor, flu vaccine

<!-- .vabout -->
«vaccine» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vaccine in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vaccine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vaccine is a medicine, usually given as an injection, that teaches your body to fight a particular disease, so you do not get very ill from it.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:m1:1
# text = A vaccine is a medicine, usually given as an injection, that teaches your body to fight a particular disease, so you do not get very ill from it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	injection	injection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
28	very	very	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	_
30	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vaccine | a medicine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | participle |  | a medicine *not said here* |  |  |  | as a injection; usually *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a injection | your body |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent body=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **fight** | to-infinitive | your body *not said here* | a particular disease |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Co-Agent |
| 5 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had a vaccine at the doctor's, and it only hurt for a second.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x1:1
# text = I had a vaccine at the doctor's, and it only hurt for a second.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I | a vaccine |  | the doctor |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Patient |
| 2 | **hurt** | past | vaccine |  |  |  | second |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flu vaccine is given every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x2:1
# text = The flu vaccine is given every year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | the flu vaccine |  |  | year |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vaccine trains your body to fight a disease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x3:1
# text = A vaccine trains your body to fight a disease.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	trains	train	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present | a vaccine | your body |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | your body *not said here* | a disease |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent disease=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smallpox disappeared thanks to a vaccine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x4:1
# text = Smallpox disappeared thanks to a vaccine.
1	Smallpox	Smallpox	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	disappeared	disappear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disappear** | past | Smallpox | thanks |  |  |  | to a vaccine | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Edward Jenner made the first vaccine over two hundred years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x5:1
# text = Edward Jenner made the first vaccine over two hundred years ago.
1	Edward	Edward	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Jenner	Jenner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	compound	_	_
9	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Edward Jenner | the first vaccine |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists test vaccines carefully before people use them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x6:1
# text = Scientists test vaccines carefully before people use them.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	test	test	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | present | Scientists | vaccines |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | people | vaccines *= vaccine* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some vaccines are given as a nasal spray.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x7:1
# text = Some vaccines are given as a nasal spray.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	nasal	nasal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | some vaccines |  |  |  | as a nasal spray | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vaccines protect other people too, like babies who are too young to have them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vaccine:x8:1
# text = Vaccines protect other people too, like babies who are too young to have them.
1	Vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	too	too	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	csubj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | Vaccines |  | other people |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **is** | present | babies |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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