---
title: valentine — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «valentine» in the school dictionary: A valentine is a card or small gift sent on Valentine's Day to show love or liking, often without signing your name. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# valentine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** valentine, your, you, I, Sam, class · **What happens:** be, send, show, like, sign, name · **To what, where:** card, small gift, love, name, person, valentine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«valentine» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [valentine in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/valentine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A valentine is a card or small gift sent on Valentine's Day to show love or liking, often without signing your name.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:m1:1
# text = A valentine is a card or small gift sent on Valentine's Day to show love or liking, often without signing your name.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	valentine	valentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
16	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	liking	like	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
22	signing	sign	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	conj	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a valentine | a card or small gift |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | participle |  | small gift *not said here* |  |  | on Valentine's Day |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | love |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient |
| 4 | **like** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **sign** | gerund |  | your name |  |  |  | often *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Destination |
| 6 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your valentine is the person you send it to or love.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:m2:1
# text = Your valentine is the person you send it to or love.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	valentine	valentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	send	send	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your valentine | the person or love |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send** | present | you | valentine |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Valentine is also a name, for example Saint Valentine, a Christian saint.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:m3:1
# text = Valentine is also a name, for example Saint Valentine, a Christian saint.
1	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
10	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	saint	saint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Valentine | a name |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made a valentine with red hearts and glitter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x1:1
# text = I made a valentine with red hearts and glitter.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	valentine	valentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	glitter	glitter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | a valentine |  |  |  | with red hearts and glitter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valentine=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Will you be my valentine?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x2:1
# text = Will you be my valentine?
1	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	valentine	valentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | future | you | my valentine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam got a valentine but did not know who sent it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x3:1
# text = Sam got a valentine but did not know who sent it.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	valentine	valentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Sam | a valentine |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valentine=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | Sam *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **send** | past |  | valentine |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class made valentines for the people in the care home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x4:1
# text = Our class made valentines for the people in the care home.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	valentines	valentine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	home	home	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Our class | valentines |  |  |  | for the people in the care; home *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent valentine=Product for people=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum and Dad are each other's valentines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x5:1
# text = Mum and Dad are each other's valentines.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	valentines	valentine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mum and Dad | each other valentines |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Valentine is remembered by many churches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x6:1
# text = Saint Valentine is remembered by many churches.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	remembered	remember	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present · passive | many churches | Saint Valentine |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So Valentine took the right, and Oliver went straight on, and poor Jack took the left.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valentine:x7:1
# text = So Valentine took the right, and Oliver went straight on, and poor Jack took the left.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Valentine	Valentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Oliver	Oliver	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Valentine | the right |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | past | Oliver |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | past | poor Jack | the left |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent left=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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