---
title: valerian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «valerian» in the school dictionary: Valerian is a tall wild plant with small sweet-smelling pink or white flowers that grows by rivers and in damp places. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# valerian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Valerian, small smelling pink flowers, people, Pink valerian, Butterflies, adults · **What happens:** be, smell, grow, make, take, help · **To what, where:** tall wild plant, medicine, root, plant, people, river bank

<!-- .vabout -->
«valerian» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [valerian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/valerian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Valerian is a tall wild plant with small sweet-smelling pink or white flowers that grows by rivers and in damp places.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:m1:1
# text = Valerian is a tall wild plant with small sweet-smelling pink or white flowers that grows by rivers and in damp places.
1	Valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
9	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	amod	_	_
12	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Valerian | a tall wild plant |  |  |  | with small smelling pink flowers | tree rules |
| 2 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | present | small smelling pink flowers |  |  |  |  | by rivers and damp places | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by river=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Valerian is also a medicine made from the root of this plant, which some people take to help them sleep.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:m2:1
# text = Valerian is also a medicine made from the root of this plant, which some people take to help them sleep.
1	Valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	det	_	_
12	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	obj	_	_
15	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
20	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Valerian | a medicine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a medicine *not said here* |  | the root of this plant |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from root=Material |
| 3 | **take** | present | some people | this plant |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 4 | **help** | to-infinitive | some people *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 5 | **sleep** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pink valerian grew along the river bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x1:1
# text = Pink valerian grew along the river bank.
1	Pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Pink valerian |  |  | the river bank |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along bank=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red valerian sprouted from the old castle wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x2:1
# text = Red valerian sprouted from the old castle wall.
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	sprouted	sprout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sprout** | participle |  | Red valerian *not said here* |  | the old castle wall |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from wall=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Butterflies visit valerian flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x3:1
# text = Butterflies visit valerian flowers.
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visit	visit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	valerian	valerian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | present | Butterflies | valerian flowers |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some adults take valerian to help them sleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x4:1
# text = Some adults take valerian to help them sleep.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | some adults | valerian |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valerian=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | some adults *not said here* | adults *= adult* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **sleep** | infinitive | adults *= adult* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our cat rolled in the valerian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x5:1
# text = Our cat rolled in the valerian.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	valerian	valerian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | participle | Our cat |  |  | the valerian |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in valerian=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The root of valerian smells very strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:valerian:x6:1
# text = The root of valerian smells very strong.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	valerian	valerian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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