---
title: validity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «validity» in the school dictionary: Validity is how true, fair or correct something is, for example an argument or a test. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# validity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Validity, something, rule, scientist, you, fair test · **What happens:** be, accept, question, check, travel, make · **To what, where:** document, validity, experiment, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«validity» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [validity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/validity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Validity is how true, fair or correct something is, for example an argument or a test.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:m1:1
# text = Validity is how true, fair or correct something is, for example an argument or a test.
1	Validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	correct	correct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Validity |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Validity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** *speech: disagree* |  | Validity *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Validity is whether a document, ticket or rule is official and still accepted, for example a passport's validity.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:m2:1
# text = Validity is whether a document, ticket or rule is official and still accepted, for example a passport's validity.
1	Validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	still	still	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	accepted	accept	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	's	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Validity | a document and a passport's validity |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | rule |  |  |  |  | official *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **accept** | participle | rule *not said here* |  |  |  | still |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist questioned the validity of the results.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x1:1
# text = The scientist questioned the validity of the results.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	questioned	question	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **question** *speech: other* | past | the scientist | the validity of the results |  |  |  |  | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent validity=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the validity of your passport before you travel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x2:1
# text = Check the validity of your passport before you travel.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	travel	travel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the validity of your passport |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent validity=Theme |
| 2 | **travel** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fair test makes your experiment more valid; that is its validity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x3:1
# text = A fair test makes your experiment more valid; that is its validity.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	valid	valid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a fair test | your experiment |  |  |  | valid *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset experiment=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | present | that | test's validity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **experiment** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom experiment «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ticket's validity ends at midnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x4:1
# text = The ticket's validity ends at midnight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ticket	ticket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | present | the ticket's validity |  |  |  | midnight |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge looked at the validity of the will.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x5:1
# text = The judge looked at the validity of the will.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the judge |  |  |  |  | at the validity | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at validity=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher asked us to judge the validity of each argument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:validity:x6:1
# text = The teacher asked us to judge the validity of each argument.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	validity	validity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the teacher |  | us |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **judge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the teacher *not said here* | the validity of each argument |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent validity=Value |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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