---
title: vandal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vandal» in the school dictionary: A vandal is a person who deliberately damages or destroys property. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vandal/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/) / vandal

# vandal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vandal, person, Vandals, people, Someone, police · **What happens:** be, damage, destroy, attack, break, spray · **To what, where:** person, property, group, Rome, bus shelter, graffiti

<!-- .vabout -->
«vandal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vandal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vandal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vandal is a person who deliberately damages or destroys property.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:m1:1
# text = A vandal is a person who deliberately damages or destroys property.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vandal	vandal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	damages	damage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	destroys	destroy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vandal | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | deliberately *property* | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **destroy** | present | a person *not said here* | property |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vandals were a group of people who attacked Rome long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:m2:1
# text = The Vandals were a group of people who attacked Rome long ago.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vandals	Vandal	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Vandals | a group |  |  |  | of people | tree rules |
| 2 | **attack** | past | people | Rome |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rome=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vandals broke the bus shelter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x1:1
# text = Vandals broke the bus shelter.
1	Vandals	vandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | Vandals | the bus shelter |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shelter=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone sprayed graffiti; the police are looking for the vandals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x2:1
# text = Someone sprayed graffiti; the police are looking for the vandals.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sprayed	spray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	vandals	vandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spray** | past | Someone | graffiti |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent graffiti=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present · progressive | the police |  |  |  |  | for the vandals | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for vandal=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The park bench was damaged by vandals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x3:1
# text = The park bench was damaged by vandals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bench	bench	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	vandals	vandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | past · passive | vandals | the park bench |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vandals were an ancient tribe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x4:1
# text = The Vandals were an ancient tribe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vandals	Vandal	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tribe	tribe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Vandals | a ancient tribe |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be a vandal; respect property.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x5:1
# text = Don't be a vandal; respect property.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vandal	vandal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* | respect property |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | a vandal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vandals smashed the school windows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandal:x6:1
# text = Vandals smashed the school windows.
1	Vandals	vandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	smashed	smash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | past | Vandals | the school windows |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent window=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [van](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/van/)
- next →: [vandalism](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vandalism/)
- ↑ back to [V in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/)