---
title: vandalism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vandalism» in the school dictionary: Damaging or destroying other people's property or public things on purpose, such as breaking windows or spraying paint. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vandalism/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [V](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/) / vandalism

# vandalism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Damaging, Smashing, Graffiti, Vandalism, police, class · **What happens:** damage, destroy, break, spray, smash, be · **To what, where:** property, purpose, windows, paint, shelter glass, act

<!-- .vabout -->
«vandalism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vandalism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vandalism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Damaging or destroying other people's property or public things on purpose, such as breaking windows or spraying paint.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:m1:1
# text = Damaging or destroying other people's property or public things on purpose, such as breaking windows or spraying paint.
1	Damaging	damage	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	destroying	destroy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	16	mark	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
17	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	spraying	spray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	conj	_	_
20	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **destroy** | gerund |  | other people's property or public things |  | purpose |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | gerund | Damaging | windows |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient |
| 4 | **spray** | gerund | Damaging *not said here* | paint |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent paint=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smashing the bus shelter glass was an act of vandalism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x1:1
# text = Smashing the bus shelter glass was an act of vandalism.
1	Smashing	smash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smash** | gerund |  | the shelter glass |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Smashing | a act |  |  |  | of vandalism | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The park closed after vandalism to the swings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x2:1
# text = The park closed after vandalism to the swings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	swings	swing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle |  | the park *not said here* | the swings |  | after vandalism |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to swing=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Graffiti on the school wall counts as vandalism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x3:1
# text = Graffiti on the school wall counts as vandalism.
1	Graffiti	graffiti	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	counts	count	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | present | Graffiti on the school wall |  |  |  |  | as vandalism | vn masquerade-29.6 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as vandalism=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vandalism costs the council thousands of pounds each year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x4:1
# text = Vandalism costs the council thousands of pounds each year.
1	Vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | Vandalism | the council |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme council=Beneficiary thousand=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police are looking into the vandalism at the station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x5:1
# text = The police are looking into the vandalism at the station.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present · progressive | the police |  |  |  |  | at the station; into the vandalism | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into vandalism=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class cleaned up after the vandalism in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vandalism:x6:1
# text = Our class cleaned up after the vandalism in the playground.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vandalism	vandalism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean up** | past | Our class |  |  | the playground | after the vandalism |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [vandal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vandal/)
- next →: [vane](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/vane/)
- ↑ back to [V in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/V/)