---
title: vascular — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vascular» in the school dictionary: Vascular means to do with the tubes that carry blood in animals (blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vascular

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vascular, tubes, vascular system, Trees, Mosses, We · **What happens:** mean, do, carry, have, be, carry up · **To what, where:** blood, plants, tubes, water, plant, vascular plants · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vascular» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vascular in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vascular.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vascular means to do with the tubes that carry blood in animals (blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:m1:1
# text = Vascular means to do with the tubes that carry blood in animals (blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries).
1	Vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tubes	tube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	arteries	artery	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	veins	vein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	capillaries	capillary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Vascular |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the tubes | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **carry** | present | the tubes | blood |  |  |  | in animals | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent blood=Value in animal=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In plants, vascular means having tubes (xylem and phloem) that carry water and food through the plant.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:m2:1
# text = In plants, vascular means having tubes (xylem and phloem) that carry water and food through the plant.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	ccomp	_	_
7	tubes	tube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	xylem	xylem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	phloem	phloem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	through	through	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | vascular |  |  | plants |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | gerund |  | tubes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tube=Patient |
| 3 | **carry** | present | tubes | water and food |  | the plant |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your vascular system carries blood all round your body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x1:1
# text = Your vascular system carries blood all round your body.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | Your vascular system | blood |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Theme blood=Beneficiary body=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trees are vascular plants with tubes that carry water up from the roots.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x2:1
# text = Trees are vascular plants with tubes that carry water up from the roots.
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	tubes	tube	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Trees | vascular plants |  |  |  | with tubes | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry up** | present | tubes | water |  | the roots |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent water=Theme from root=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mosses are non-vascular, so they stay small and grow in damp places.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x3:1
# text = Mosses are non-vascular, so they stay small and grow in damp places.
1	Mosses	moss	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	non-vascular	non-vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Mosses |  |  |  |  | non-vascular *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stay** | present | Mosses *= moss* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | present | Mosses *= moss* *not said here* |  |  | damp places |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw the vascular bundles in a celery stick dyed with red ink.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x4:1
# text = We saw the vascular bundles in a celery stick dyed with red ink.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bundles	bundle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	celery	celery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	dyed	dye	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | the vascular bundles |  | a celery stick |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bundle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **dye** | participle |  | a celery stick *not said here* |  |  |  | with red ink | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad saw a vascular surgeon about the veins in his legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x5:1
# text = Grandad saw a vascular surgeon about the veins in his legs.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	surgeon	surgeon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	veins	vein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Grandad | a vascular surgeon |  | Grandad's legs |  | about the veins | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer surgeon=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exercise keeps your heart and vascular system healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vascular:x6:1
# text = Exercise keeps your heart and vascular system healthy.
1	Exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	vascular	vascular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | Exercise | your heart and vascular system |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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