---
title: vellum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vellum» in the school dictionary: Vellum is thick, smooth writing material made from the skin of an animal, used for old books and documents. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vellum

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**Who acts:** Vellum, monk, old book · **What happens:** be, make, use, write, have, page · **To what, where:** smooth writing material, skin, story, vellum, pages

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«vellum» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vellum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vellum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vellum is thick, smooth writing material made from the skin of an animal, used for old books and documents.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vellum:m1:1
# text = Vellum is thick, smooth writing material made from the skin of an animal, used for old books and documents.
1	Vellum	Vellum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Vellum |  |  |  |  | thick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | smooth writing material *not said here* |  | the skin of a animal |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from skin=Material |
| 3 | **use** | participle | Vellum *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for old books and documents | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The monk wrote the story on vellum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vellum:x1:1
# text = The monk wrote the story on vellum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	monk	monk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	vellum	vellum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | the monk | the story |  | vellum |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent story=Theme on vellum=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old book had pages of vellum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vellum:x2:1
# text = The old book had pages of vellum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pages	page	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	vellum	vellum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old book | pages of vellum |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Patient |
| 2 | **page** |  |  | vellum |  |  |  |  | nom page «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vellum lasts for many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vellum:x3:1
# text = Vellum lasts for many years.
1	Vellum	Vellum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | Vellum |  |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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