---
title: velociraptor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «velociraptor» in the school dictionary: A velociraptor was a small, fast, meat-eating dinosaur that lived in what is now Mongolia and China; it ran on two legs, had feathers and a large curved claw on each foot. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# velociraptor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** velociraptor, small eating dinosaur, Real velociraptors, Fossils, velociraptors, name velociraptor · **What happens:** eat, be, live, run, have, curve · **To what, where:** small eating dinosaur, Mongolia, two legs, feathers, big curved claw, foot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«velociraptor» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [velociraptor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/velociraptor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A velociraptor was a small, fast, meat-eating dinosaur that lived in what is now Mongolia and China; it ran on two legs, had feathers and a large curved claw on each foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:m1:1
# text = A velociraptor was a small, fast, meat-eating dinosaur that lived in what is now Mongolia and China; it ran on two legs, had feathers and a large curved claw on each foot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
19	Mongolia	Mongolia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
30	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
33	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
34	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	amod	_	_
35	claw	claw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
36	on	on	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	38	det	_	_
38	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | a velociraptor | a small eating dinosaur |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** | past | a small eating dinosaur |  |  |  |  | in a small eating dinosaur | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in what=Location |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | Mongolia and China |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **run** | past | velociraptor |  |  | two legs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory |
| 6 | **have** | past | velociraptor *not said here* | feathers and a large curved claw on each foot |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 7 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A velociraptor had a big curved claw on each foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x1:1
# text = A velociraptor had a big curved claw on each foot.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	claw	claw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a velociraptor | a big curved claw |  | each foot |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Patient |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Real velociraptors were about the size of a turkey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x2:1
# text = Real velociraptors were about the size of a turkey.
1	Real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	velociraptors	velociraptor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	turkey	turkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Real velociraptors |  |  |  |  | about the size; of a turkey | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fossils show that velociraptors had feathers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x3:1
# text = Fossils show that velociraptors had feathers.
1	Fossils	fossil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	velociraptors	velociraptor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Fossils |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | velociraptors | feathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name velociraptor means «swift thief».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x4:1
# text = The name velociraptor means «swift thief».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the name velociraptor | swift thief |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thief=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A velociraptor fossil was found locked in a fight with another dinosaur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x5:1
# text = A velociraptor fossil was found locked in a fight with another dinosaur.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past · passive |  | a velociraptor fossil |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **lock** | participle | a velociraptor fossil *not said here* |  |  | a fight with another dinosaur |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the film the velociraptors were much bigger than real ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x6:1
# text = In the film the velociraptors were much bigger than real ones.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	velociraptors	velociraptor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	much	much	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the velociraptors |  |  |  |  | than real ones; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The velociraptor ran on two legs and held its tail out straight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x7:1
# text = The velociraptor ran on two legs and held its tail out straight.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the velociraptor |  |  | two legs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on leg=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hold out** | past | the velociraptor *not said here* | velociraptor's tail |  |  |  | out, straight *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds are distant relatives of dinosaurs like the velociraptor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:velociraptor:x8:1
# text = Birds are distant relatives of dinosaurs like the velociraptor.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	velociraptor	velociraptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birds | distant relatives |  |  |  | of dinosaurs like the velociraptor | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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