---
title: vendetta — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vendetta» in the school dictionary: A long, bitter quarrel between two families in which they keep taking revenge on each other, sometimes violently. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vendetta

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** families, they, one person, two families, vendetta, He · **What happens:** keep, take, harm, annoy, dislike, campaign · **To what, where:** two families, revenge, each, person, vendetta, personal vendetta · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vendetta» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vendetta in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vendetta.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long, bitter quarrel between two families in which they keep taking revenge on each other, sometimes violently.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:m1:1
# text = A long, bitter quarrel between two families in which they keep taking revenge on each other, sometimes violently.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	bitter	bitter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	quarrel	quarrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	revenge	revenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	13	obl	_	_
17	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	20	advmod	_	_
20	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | families *= family* |  |  | two families |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | families *= family* *not said here* | revenge |  | each |  | violently *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent revenge=Theme on each=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long campaign by one person to harm or annoy another person they dislike.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:m2:1
# text = A long campaign by one person to harm or annoy another person they dislike.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	campaign	campaign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	annoy	annoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	dislike	dislike	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **annoy** | infinitive |  | another person |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer |
| 3 | **dislike** | present | they | another person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus |
| 4 | **campaign** |  | one person |  |  |  |  |  | nom campaign «event intransitive»: by=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two families had a vendetta that lasted a hundred years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x1:1
# text = The two families had a vendetta that lasted a hundred years.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vendetta	vendetta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the two families | a vendetta |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vendetta=Patient |
| 2 | **last** | past | a vendetta |  |  |  | year |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He seemed to have a personal vendetta against the referee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x2:1
# text = He seemed to have a personal vendetta against the referee.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	vendetta	vendetta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | a personal vendetta |  |  |  | against the referee | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vendetta=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the vendetta ended when the children of both families became friends.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x3:1
# text = In the story, the vendetta ended when the children of both families became friends.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vendetta	vendetta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	det	_	_
13	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
15	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the vendetta |  |  | the story |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | past | the children of both families | friends |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher said it was not a vendetta; she was just being fair.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x4:1
# text = The teacher said it was not a vendetta; she was just being fair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	vendetta	vendetta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | past | teacher | a vendetta |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | fair *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old vendettas can make a village an unhappy place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x5:1
# text = Old vendettas can make a village an unhappy place.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	vendettas	vendetta	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Old vendettas | a village |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset village=Beneficiary place=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She dropped her vendetta and said sorry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vendetta:x6:1
# text = She dropped her vendetta and said sorry.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	vendetta	vendetta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | She | her vendetta |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vendetta=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: apologize* | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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