---
title: verruca — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «verruca» in the school dictionary: A verruca is a small hard wart on the bottom of the foot, caused by a virus. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# verruca

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** verruca, I, you, nurse, She · **What happens:** be, cause, mean, get, hurt, walk · **To what, where:** small hard wart, bottom, wart, verruca, heel, flip flops

<!-- .vabout -->
«verruca» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [verruca in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/verruca.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verruca is a small hard wart on the bottom of the foot, caused by a virus.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:m1:1
# text = A verruca is a small hard wart on the bottom of the foot, caused by a virus.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a verruca | a small hard wart |  | the bottom of the foot |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In medicine, verruca can mean any wart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:m2:1
# text = In medicine, verruca can mean any wart.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | verruca | any wart |  |  |  | in medicine | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot wart=Theme in medicine=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I've got a verruca on my heel and it hurts when I walk.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x1:1
# text = I've got a verruca on my heel and it hurts when I walk.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heel	heel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	14	mark	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | I | a verruca |  | my heel |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent verruca=Theme on heel=Source |
| 2 | **hurt** | present | verruca |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **walk** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear flip-flops in the changing room so you don't catch a verruca.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x2:1
# text = Wear flip-flops in the changing room so you don't catch a verruca.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	flops	flop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	changing	changing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | flip flops |  | the changing room |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent flop=Source |
| 2 | **not** **catch** | present · do-support | you | a verruca |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verruca=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse put special cream on my verruca.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x3:1
# text = The nurse put special cream on my verruca.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the nurse | special cream |  | my verruca |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent cream=Theme on verruca=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My verruca took months to go away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x4:1
# text = My verruca took months to go away.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | My verruca |  |  |  | month |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go away** | to-infinitive | My verruca *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a verruca sock to swimming lessons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x5:1
# text = She wore a verruca sock to swimming lessons.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sock	sock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a verruca sock |  |  |  | to swimming lessons | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent sock=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can catch verrucas from wet floors at the pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:verruca:x6:1
# text = You can catch verrucas from wet floors at the pool.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	verrucas	verruca	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	floors	floor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | can | You | verrucas |  | wet floors |  | at the pool | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent verruca=Theme from floor=Source at pool=Asset |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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