---
title: vest — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vest» in the school dictionary: In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of underwear without sleeves worn under a shirt (in the USA called an "undershirt" or "tank top"). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** piece, sleeveless jacket, special sleeveless top, you, vest, Everyone · **What happens:** wear, call, protect, make, see, put · **To what, where:** sleeves, shirt, undershirt, USA, sleeveless jacket, waistcoat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vest» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vest in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of underwear without sleeves worn under a shirt (in the USA called an "undershirt" or "tank top").

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:m1:1
# text = In the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of underwear without sleeves worn under a shirt (in the USA called an "undershirt" or "tank top").
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
10	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	underwear	underwear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	without	without	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	sleeves	sleeve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	under	under	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
26	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	undershirt	undershirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | sleeves *not said here* |  | a shirt |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | past | a piece of underwear without sleeves *not said here* | a undershirt or tank top |  | the USA |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent undershirt=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the USA and Canada, a sleeveless jacket worn over a shirt (in the UK called a "waistcoat").

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:m2:1
# text = In the USA and Canada, a sleeveless jacket worn over a shirt (in the UK called a "waistcoat").
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	sleeveless	sleeveless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
10	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
18	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	waistcoat	waistcoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | a sleeveless jacket *not said here* |  | a shirt |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | past | a sleeveless jacket | a waistcoat |  | the USA and Canada |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A special sleeveless top that protects you or makes you easy to see.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:m3:1
# text = A special sleeveless top that protects you or makes you easy to see.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	sleeveless	sleeveless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	protects	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | a special sleeveless top |  | you |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **make** | present | a special sleeveless top *not said here* | you |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a life vest", "a high-visibility vest".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:m3e:1
# text = "a life vest", "a high-visibility vest".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	visibility	visibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put on a vest; it is cold today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x1:1
# text = Put on a vest; it is cold today.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	_
9	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a vest |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on vest=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | vest |  |  |  | today | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone wears a life vest in the canoe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x2:1
# text = Everyone wears a life vest in the canoe.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Everyone | a life vest |  | the canoe |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vest=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wore bright yellow vests on the school trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x3:1
# text = We wore bright yellow vests on the school trip.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	vests	vest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | We | bright yellow vests |  | the school trip |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vest=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore a smart vest over his shirt at the wedding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x4:1
# text = He wore a smart vest over his shirt at the wedding.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wedding	wedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | a smart vest |  | his shirt |  | at the wedding | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vest=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The red team wear red vests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x5:1
# text = The red team wear red vests.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	vests	vest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | the red team | red vests |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vest=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police officers wear protective vests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x6:1
# text = Police officers wear protective vests.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	compound	_	_
2	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	protective	protective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	vests	vest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Police officers | protective vests |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vest=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He then went to the dead magician, took the lamp out of his vest, and bade the genie carry the palace and all in it back to China.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vest:x7:1
# text = He then went to the dead magician, took the lamp out of his vest, and bade the genie carry the palace and all in it back to China.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	vest	vest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	genie	genie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	parataxis	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	nsubj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	_
28	back	back	ADV	RB	_	21	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | He |  |  | the dead magician | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to magician=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **take** | past | He *not said here* | the lamp |  | his vest |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent lamp=Theme out vest=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **carry** | infinitive | bade | the palace |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent palace=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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