---
title: vibrato — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vibrato» in the school dictionary: Vibrato is a quick, small wobble up and down in the pitch of a note, made by a singer or a player of a string or wind instrument to make the sound warmer and richer. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vibrato

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vibrato, voice, violin teacher, much vibrato, flute player, Choir boys · **What happens:** be, wobble, make, have, show, add · **To what, where:** pitch, note, sound, lovely vibrato, me, song sound

<!-- .vabout -->
«vibrato» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vibrato in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vibrato.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vibrato is a quick, small wobble up and down in the pitch of a note, made by a singer or a player of a string or wind instrument to make the sound warmer and richer.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:m1:1
# text = Vibrato is a quick, small wobble up and down in the pitch of a note, made by a singer or a player of a string or wind instrument to make the sound warmer and richer.
1	Vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wobble	wobble	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pitch	pitch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	_
30	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	mark	_	_
32	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	acl	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
35	warmer	warm	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	32	xcomp	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	richer	rich	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Vibrato |  |  |  |  | quick *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **wobble** | present |  |  |  | the pitch of a note |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pitch=Location |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | a note *not said here* |  |  |  | by a singer or a player of a string or wind instrument | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the sound |  |  |  | warm *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The opera singer's voice had a lovely vibrato.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x1:1
# text = The opera singer's voice had a lovely vibrato.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	opera	opera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the opera singer's voice | a lovely vibrato |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vibrato=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My violin teacher showed me how to rock my finger for vibrato.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x2:1
# text = My violin teacher showed me how to rock my finger for vibrato.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	TO	_	8	case	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | My violin teacher |  | me |  |  | to rock and my finger for vibrato | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Topic to rock=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much vibrato can make a song sound wobbly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x3:1
# text = Too much vibrato can make a song sound wobbly.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	wobbly	wobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | much vibrato | a song sound |  |  |  | wobbly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flute player added vibrato to the long note.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x4:1
# text = The flute player added vibrato to the long note.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	flute	flute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	added	add	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | the flute player | vibrato |  |  |  | to the long note | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent vibrato=Patient to note=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Choir boys often sing with little or no vibrato.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x5:1
# text = Choir boys often sing with little or no vibrato.
1	Choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Choir boys |  |  |  |  | with little or no vibrato; often *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with little=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can hear the vibrato when the singer holds a note.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vibrato:x6:1
# text = You can hear the vibrato when the singer holds a note.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vibrato	vibrato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | can | You | the vibrato |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer vibrato=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hold** | present | the singer | a note |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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