---
title: victim — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «victim» in the school dictionary: A person or animal that is hurt, killed or harmed by someone else, an accident or an illness: a victim of a crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# victim

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Someone, they, robbery, Many people, Volunteers, you · **What happens:** hurt, kill, harm, trick, cheat, suffer · **To what, where:** animal, person, Someone, flood victims, police, victim · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«victim» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [victim in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/victim.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or animal that is hurt, killed or harmed by someone else, an accident or an illness: a victim of a crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:m1:1
# text = A person or animal that is hurt, killed or harmed by someone else, an accident or an illness: a victim of a crime.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obl	_	_
14	else	else	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | animal |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **kill** | participle |  | a person or animal and a accident or a illness and a victim of a crime *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **harm** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by someone | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who is tricked or cheated: a victim of a scam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:m2:1
# text = Someone who is tricked or cheated: a victim of a scam.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tricked	trick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	scam	scam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present · passive |  | Someone |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **cheat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone who suffers because of something they did not choose: flood victims.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:m3:1
# text = Someone who suffers because of something they did not choose: flood victims.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	suffers	suffer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | present | Someone | flood victims |  |  |  | because something | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **choose** | past · do-support | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The victim of the robbery called the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x1:1
# text = The victim of the robbery called the police.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	robbery	robbery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the robbery *not said here* | the police |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent police=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people fell victim to the fake prize email.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x2:1
# text = Many people fell victim to the fake prize email.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Many people | victim |  |  |  | to the fake prize email *result* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient victim=Extent to email=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volunteers brought food to the flood victims.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x3:1
# text = Volunteers brought food to the flood victims.
1	Volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | Volunteers | food |  | the flood victims |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Theme to victim=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are the victim of bullying, tell a teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x4:1
# text = If you are the victim of bullying, tell a teacher.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	advcl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	bullying	bullying	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | the victim |  |  |  | of bullying | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fox's victims were three hens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x5:1
# text = The fox's victims were three hens.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	hens	hen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the fox's victims | three hens |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He always plays the victim when he loses a game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x6:1
# text = He always plays the victim when he loses a game.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | He | the victim |  |  |  | always *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victim=Theme |
| 2 | **lose** | present | he | a game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police helped the victims of the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x7:1
# text = The police helped the victims of the crash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the police | the victims of the crash |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victim=Beneficiary |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He bent his shaggy brows upon the poor Athenian victims.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victim:x8:1
# text = He bent his shaggy brows upon the poor Athenian victims.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shaggy	shaggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	brows	brow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	Athenian	Athenian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	victims	victim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | past | He | his shaggy brows |  | the poor Athenian victims |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent brow=Theme upon victim=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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