---
title: victuals — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «victuals» in the school dictionary: Food and drink, especially supplies of food for a journey or for many people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# victuals

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sailors, hungry pirate, innkeeper, army, Grandad, travellers · **What happens:** supply, load, fetch, cry, bring, run · **To what, where:** ship, victuals, plenty, table, dinner, bread · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«victuals» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [victuals in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/victuals.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food and drink, especially supplies of food for a journey or for many people.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:m1:1
# text = Food and drink, especially supplies of food for a journey or for many people.
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	1	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, rare — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To supply a ship or an army with food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:m2:1
# text = To supply a ship or an army with food.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	supply	supply	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supply** | to-infinitive |  | a ship or a army with food |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ship=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailors loaded the ship with victuals for the long voyage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x1:1
# text = The sailors loaded the ship with victuals for the long voyage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	loaded	load	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **load** | past | the sailors | the ship |  |  |  | with victuals; for the long voyage | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent ship=Destination with victual=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Fetch the victuals!» cried the hungry pirate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x2:1
# text = «Fetch the victuals!» cried the hungry pirate.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fetch	fetch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fetch** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the victuals |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victual=Theme |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the hungry pirate |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The innkeeper brought plenty of good victuals to the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x3:1
# text = The innkeeper brought plenty of good victuals to the table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the innkeeper | plenty of good victuals |  | the table |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent plenty=Theme to table=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army ran short of victuals in the cold winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x4:1
# text = The army ran short of victuals in the cold winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | the army |  |  |  | winter | short *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad jokingly calls his dinner «my vittles».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x5:1
# text = Grandad jokingly calls his dinner «my vittles».
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	jokingly	jokingly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	calls	call	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	vittles	vittle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Grandad | Grandad's dinner |  |  |  | jokingly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dinner=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The travellers packed bread, cheese and other victuals for the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x6:1
# text = The travellers packed bread, cheese and other victuals for the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	packed	pack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | participle | the travellers *not said here* | bread and cheese and other victuals for the road |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Sit down to table and swallow your victuals!" replied the old woman.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:victuals:x7:1
# text = "Sit down to table and swallow your victuals!" replied the old woman.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
3	down	down	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	victuals	victual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
12	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to table; down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **swallow** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | your victuals |  |  |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victual=Patient |
| 3 | **reply** *speech: express* | past | the old woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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