---
title: vicuna — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vicuna» in the school dictionary: A vicuna is a wild South American animal related to the llama and alpaca; it is small, slim and light brown, and lives high in the Andes mountains. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vicuna

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vicuna, Vicuna wool, Vicunas · **What happens:** be, relate, live, mean, make, graze · **To what, where:** wild South American animal, Andes mountains, fine soft expensive wool, fleece, vicunas, wild cousin

<!-- .vabout -->
«vicuna» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vicuna in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vicuna.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vicuna is a wild South American animal related to the llama and alpaca; it is small, slim and light brown, and lives high in the Andes mountains.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:m1:1
# text = A vicuna is a wild South American animal related to the llama and alpaca; it is small, slim and light brown, and lives high in the Andes mountains.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	related	relate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	llama	llama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	alpaca	alpaca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	slim	slim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	parataxis	_	_
27	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	31	compound	_	_
31	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vicuna | a wild South American animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **relate** | participle |  | a wild South American animal *not said here* |  |  |  | to the llama and alpaca | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to llama=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | vicuna |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | vicuna *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | vicuna *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **live** | present |  |  |  | the Andes mountains |  | high *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vicuna also means the very fine, soft, expensive wool or cloth made from this animal's fleece.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:m2:1
# text = Vicuna also means the very fine, soft, expensive wool or cloth made from this animal's fleece.
1	Vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	fleece	fleece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Vicuna | the fine soft expensive wool or cloth |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wool=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | the fine soft expensive wool or cloth *not said here* |  | this animal's fleece |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from fleece=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A herd of vicunas grazed on the high, cold grassland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x1:1
# text = A herd of vicunas grazed on the high, cold grassland.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vicunas	vicuna	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	grazed	graze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	grassland	grassland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **graze** | participle |  | vicunas *not said here* |  |  |  | on the high cold grassland | vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on grassland=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vicuna is a wild cousin of the llama.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x2:1
# text = The vicuna is a wild cousin of the llama.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	llama	llama	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the vicuna | a wild cousin |  |  |  | of the llama | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vicuna wool is one of the softest and most expensive wools in the world.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x3:1
# text = Vicuna wool is one of the softest and most expensive wools in the world.
1	Vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	softest	soft	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	10	advmod	_	_
10	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	wools	wool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vicuna wool | one and expensive wools in the world |  |  |  | of the softest | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vicuna is the national animal of Peru and is on its coat of arms.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x4:1
# text = The vicuna is the national animal of Peru and is on its coat of arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Peru	Peru	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the vicuna | the national animal and vicuna's coat |  |  |  | of Peru | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the vicuna *not said here* |  |  | vicuna's coat |  | of arms | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vicunas have thick, soft coats to keep warm in the Andes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x5:1
# text = Vicunas have thick, soft coats to keep warm in the Andes.
1	Vicunas	vicuna	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coats	coat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Andes	Ande	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Vicunas | thick soft coats |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | Vicunas *not said here* |  |  | the Andes |  | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in ande=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting nearly wiped out the vicuna, but now it is protected.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vicuna:x6:1
# text = Hunting nearly wiped out the vicuna, but now it is protected.
1	Hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	wiped	wipe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vicuna	vicuna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **wipe out** | participle · passive |  | the vicuna |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme vicuna=Destination |
| 3 | **protect** | present · passive |  | vicuna |  |  | now |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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