---
title: vigorous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vigorous» in the school dictionary: Vigorous means strong, energetic and active. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vigorous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vigorous, Vigorous exercise, you, heart, Vigorous plants, Children · **What happens:** mean, make, breathe, beat, grow, run · **To what, where:** you, vigorous exercise, vigorous play, mixture, eighty, vigorous debate

<!-- .vabout -->
«vigorous» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vigorous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vigorous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vigorous means strong, energetic and active.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:m1:1
# text = Vigorous means strong, energetic and active.
1	Vigorous	Vigorous	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	energetic	energetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	active	active	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Vigorous |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vigorous exercise makes you breathe hard and your heart beat fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:m2:1
# text = Vigorous exercise makes you breathe hard and your heart beat fast.
1	Vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Vigorous exercise | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **breathe** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **beat** | present | your heart |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vigorous plants grow strongly and healthily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:m3:1
# text = Vigorous plants grow strongly and healthily.
1	Vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	healthily	healthily	ADV	RB	_	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Vigorous plants |  |  |  |  | strongly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running is a vigorous exercise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x1:1
# text = Running is a vigorous exercise.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	exercise	exercise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a vigorous exercise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children need vigorous play every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x2:1
# text = Children need vigorous play every day.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Children | vigorous play |  |  | day |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot play=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give the mixture a vigorous stir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x3:1
# text = Give the mixture a vigorous stir.
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mixture	mixture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stir	stir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | the mixture |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent mixture=Recipient stir=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man was still vigorous at eighty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x4:1
# text = The old man was still vigorous at eighty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	eighty	eighty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old man |  |  | eighty | still | vigorous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They had a vigorous debate about school uniform.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x5:1
# text = They had a vigorous debate about school uniform.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	debate	debate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | They | a vigorous debate |  |  |  | about school uniform | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent debate=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tomato plants are vigorous this summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x6:1
# text = The tomato plants are vigorous this summer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tomato	tomato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the tomato plants |  |  |  | summer | vigorous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vigorous shake mixed the paint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x7:1
# text = A vigorous shake mixed the paint.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shake	shake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	mixed	mix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mix** | past | a vigorous shake | the paint |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paint=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was feeling very vigorous indeed, and pranced around loftily, holding his head high.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vigorous:x8:1
# text = He was feeling very vigorous indeed, and pranced around loftily, holding his head high.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pranced	prance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
10	around	around	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	loftily	loftily	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past · progressive | He |  |  |  |  | vigorous *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **prance** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | loftily *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hold** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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