---
title: vile — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vile» in the school dictionary: Vile means very nasty, disgusting or bad. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vile

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**Who acts:** Vile, vile smell, lion, thief, vile man · **What happens:** mean, come, be, steal · **To what, where:** bin, vile man, poor

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«vile» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vile in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vile.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vile means very nasty, disgusting or bad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vile:m1:1
# text = Vile means very nasty, disgusting or bad.
1	Vile	Vile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	nasty	nasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	disgusting	disgusting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Vile |  |  |  |  | nasty *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vile can mean of low worth or mean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vile:m2:1
# text = Vile can mean of low worth or mean.
1	Vile	Vile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
6	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Vile |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vile smell came from the bin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vile:x1:1
# text = The vile smell came from the bin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	vile	vile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the vile smell |  |  | the bin |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bin=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion was angry with the vile gnat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vile:x2:1
# text = The lion was angry with the vile gnat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	vile	vile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	gnat	gnat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the lion |  |  |  |  | with the vile gnat; angry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief was a vile man who stole from the poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vile:x3:1
# text = The thief was a vile man who stole from the poor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	vile	vile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the thief | a vile man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **steal** | past | a vile man |  |  | the poor |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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