---
title: villa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «villa» in the school dictionary: A villa is a large, comfortable house, often with a garden, in the country or by the sea, especially in a warm place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# villa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** villa, Roman villa, We, Rich Romans, Archaeologists, holiday villa · **What happens:** be, own, stay, have, live, look out · **To what, where:** large comfortable house, big country house, history, house, UK, villa

<!-- .vabout -->
«villa» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [villa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/villa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A villa is a large, comfortable house, often with a garden, in the country or by the sea, especially in a warm place.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:m1:1
# text = A villa is a large, comfortable house, often with a garden, in the country or by the sea, especially in a warm place.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a villa | a large comfortable house and a garden and the country or the sea and a warm place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In history, a Roman villa was a big country house and farm owned by a rich Roman family.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:m2:1
# text = In history, a Roman villa was a big country house and farm owned by a rich Roman family.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a Roman villa | a big country house and farm |  | history |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** | participle |  | a big country house and farm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a villa can be a house of a certain old style in a town.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:m3:1
# text = In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a villa can be a house of a certain old style in a town.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a villa | a house |  | the UK and Australia and New Zealand |  | of a certain old style in a town | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stayed in a villa with a swimming pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x1:1
# text = We stayed in a villa with a swimming pool.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | We |  |  | a villa |  | with a swimming pool | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in villa=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Roman villa had a beautiful mosaic floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x2:1
# text = The Roman villa had a beautiful mosaic floor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	mosaic	mosaic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Roman villa | a beautiful mosaic floor |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent floor=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rich Romans lived in villas in the countryside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x3:1
# text = Rich Romans lived in villas in the countryside.
1	Rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	villas	villa	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	countryside	countryside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Rich Romans |  |  | villas |  | in the countryside | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in villa=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villa looked out over the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x4:1
# text = The villa looked out over the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | past | the villa |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists found the remains of a villa under the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x5:1
# text = Archaeologists found the remains of a villa under the field.
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Archaeologists | the remains of a villa under the field |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our holiday villa had a lemon tree in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:villa:x6:1
# text = Our holiday villa had a lemon tree in the garden.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	villa	villa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lemon	lemon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our holiday villa | a lemon tree |  | the garden |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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