---
title: viper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «viper» in the school dictionary: A viper is a kind of venomous snake with long fangs that fold back, such as the adder. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# viper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** viper, long fangs, wicked treacherous person, adder, Vipers, Rattlesnakes · **What happens:** be, fold back, betray, have, bite, get · **To what, where:** kind, wicked treacherous person, others, long fangs, vipers, America

<!-- .vabout -->
«viper» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [viper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/viper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A viper is a kind of venomous snake with long fangs that fold back, such as the adder.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:m1:1
# text = A viper is a kind of venomous snake with long fangs that fold back, such as the adder.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	venomous	venomous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	fangs	fang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	fold	fold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	back	back	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	adder	adder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a viper | a kind and the adder |  |  |  | of venomous snake with long fangs | tree rules |
| 2 | **fold back** | present | long fangs |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A viper is a wicked, treacherous person who betrays others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:m2:1
# text = A viper is a wicked, treacherous person who betrays others.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	wicked	wicked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	treacherous	treacherous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a viper | a wicked treacherous person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | present | a wicked treacherous person | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The adder is a kind of viper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x1:1
# text = The adder is a kind of viper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	adder	adder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the adder | a kind |  |  |  | of viper | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vipers have long fangs that fold back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x2:1
# text = Vipers have long fangs that fold back.
1	Vipers	viper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fangs	fang	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	fold	fold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Vipers | long fangs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fang=Patient |
| 2 | **fold back** | present | long fangs |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rattlesnakes are vipers from America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x3:1
# text = Rattlesnakes are vipers from America.
1	Rattlesnakes	rattlesnake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	vipers	viper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rattlesnakes | vipers |  | America |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a viper bites you, get help straight away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x4:1
# text = If a viper bites you, get help straight away.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	bites	bite	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bite** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | a viper | you |  |  |  |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | imperative | you *not said here* | help |  |  |  | away *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer help=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the king's adviser was a viper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x5:1
# text = In the story, the king's adviser was a viper.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	adviser	adviser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the king's adviser | a viper |  | the story |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A viper basked on the warm rocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x6:1
# text = A viper basked on the warm rocks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	basked	bask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bask** | participle |  | a viper *not said here* |  | the warm rocks |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
While thus looking upwards, he unknowingly trod upon a Viper asleep just before his feet.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viper:x7:1
# text = While thus looking upwards, he unknowingly trod upon a Viper asleep just before his feet.
1	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
4	upwards	upwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	unknowingly	unknowingly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	trod	tread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Viper	viper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | thus, upwards *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tread** | past | he |  |  |  | before Viper's feet | upon a Viper; unknowingly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon viper=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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