---
title: viral — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «viral» in the school dictionary: Viral means caused by a virus: «a viral infection». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# viral

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Viral, something, it, huge numbers, He, Antibiotics · **What happens:** mean, cause, go, spread, share, have · **To what, where:** it, viral infection, viral illnesses, facts, viral story, viral disease · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«viral» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [viral in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/viral.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Viral means caused by a virus: «a viral infection».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:m1:1
# text = Viral means caused by a virus: «a viral infection».
1	Viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Viral |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If something online goes viral, it spreads very fast as huge numbers of people share it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:m2:1
# text = If something online goes viral, it spreads very fast as huge numbers of people share it.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
3	online	online	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
5	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
16	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | something |  |  |  |  | viral *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **spread** | present | it |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **share** | present | huge numbers of people | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has a viral infection, not a bacterial one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x1:1
# text = He has a viral infection, not a bacterial one.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bacterial	bacterial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | a viral infection |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics don't cure viral illnesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x2:1
# text = Antibiotics don't cure viral illnesses.
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	cure	cure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	illnesses	illness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **cure** | present · do-support | Antibiotics | viral illnesses |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer illness=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat video went viral.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x3:1
# text = The cat video went viral.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the cat video |  |  |  |  | viral *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A viral post can spread to millions in a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x4:1
# text = A viral post can spread to millions in a day.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	millions	million	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | can | a viral post |  |  |  | day | to millions | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Check the facts before sharing a viral story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x5:1
# text = Check the facts before sharing a viral story.
1	Check	check	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sharing	share	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | imperative | you *not said here* | the facts |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme |
| 2 | **share** | gerund | you *not said here* | a viral story |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flu is a viral disease.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x6:1
# text = Flu is a viral disease.
1	Flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Flu | a viral disease |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once something goes viral, you can't delete it from everywhere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:viral:x7:1
# text = Once something goes viral, you can't delete it from everywhere.
1	Once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
4	viral	viral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	delete	delete	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | something |  |  |  |  | viral *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **delete** | can | you | it |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent it=Theme from everywhere=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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