---
title: virtue — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «virtue» in the school dictionary: Virtue is goodness and right behaviour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# virtue

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virtue, Honesty, Patience, gran, story, Christians · **What happens:** be, mean, say, show, speak, put up · **To what, where:** Virtue goodness, good quality, good point, light, important virtue, virtue · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«virtue» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [virtue in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/virtue.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Virtue is goodness and right behaviour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:m1:1
# text = Virtue is goodness and right behaviour.
1	Virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	goodness	goodness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Virtue goodness and right behaviour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A virtue is a good quality in a person, such as honesty, kindness, patience or courage.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:m2:1
# text = A virtue is a good quality in a person, such as honesty, kindness, patience or courage.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	patience	patience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a virtue | a good quality and patience or courage |  |  |  | in a person and honesty and kindness | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A virtue of something is a good point or advantage: «The virtue of this bike is that it's light».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:m3:1
# text = A virtue of something is a good point or advantage: «The virtue of this bike is that it's light».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	advantage	advantage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
17	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a virtue of something | a good point or advantage and light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the virtue of this bike | light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«By virtue of» (formal) means because of.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:m4:1
# text = «By virtue of» (formal) means because of.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | virtue |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent because=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Honesty is an important virtue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x1:1
# text = Honesty is an important virtue.
1	Honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Honesty | a important virtue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Patience is a virtue, my gran always says.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x2:1
# text = Patience is a virtue, my gran always says.
1	Patience	patience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	gran	gran	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Patience | a virtue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my gran | a virtue *not said here* |  |  |  | always *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent virtue=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The story shows the virtue of courage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x3:1
# text = The story shows the virtue of courage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the story | the virtue of courage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent virtue=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians speak of faith, hope and love as the three great virtues.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x4:1
# text = Christians speak of faith, hope and love as the three great virtues.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	virtues	virtue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Christians |  |  |  |  | of faith and hope and love; as the three great virtues | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One virtue of this tent is that it's easy to put up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x5:1
# text = One virtue of this tent is that it's easy to put up.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	csubj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | One virtue of this tent |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **put up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She won the prize by virtue of her hard work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x6:1
# text = She won the prize by virtue of her hard work.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | She | the prize |  |  |  | by virtue of her hard work | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Eventuality |
| 2 | **work** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kindness is a virtue everyone can practise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x7:1
# text = Kindness is a virtue everyone can practise.
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	practise	practise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Kindness | a virtue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **practise** | can | everyone | a virtue *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Modestia is a beautiful virtue," said the man.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtue:x8:1
# text = "Modestia is a beautiful virtue," said the man.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Modestia	Modestia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Modestia | a beautiful virtue |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a beautiful virtue |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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