---
title: virtuous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «virtuous» in the school dictionary: Very good and moral; behaving in an honest, kind and right way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# virtuous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virtuous circle, one, virtuous princess, I, Bible, virtuous person · **What happens:** behave, feel, do, eat, be, cause · **To what, where:** honest way, something, salad, chain, next, truth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«virtuous» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [virtuous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/virtuous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very good and moral; behaving in an honest, kind and right way.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:m1:1
# text = Very good and moral; behaving in an honest, kind and right way.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	behaving	behave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
9	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behave** | gerund |  |  |  | a honest way |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: humorous — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling pleased with yourself for doing something good or healthy, like eating salad.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:m2:1
# text = Feeling pleased with yourself for doing something good or healthy, like eating salad.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	_
5	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
14	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with yourself; pleased *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund |  | salad |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salad=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A "virtuous circle" is a chain of good events, each one causing the next.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:m3:1
# text = A "virtuous circle" is a chain of good events, each one causing the next.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	det	_	_
14	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
15	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a virtuous circle | a chain |  |  |  | of good events | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund | each one *not said here* | the next |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition next=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The virtuous princess always told the truth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x1:1
# text = The virtuous princess always told the truth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the virtuous princess | the truth |  |  |  | always *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fable, the virtuous farmer was rewarded for his kindness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x2:1
# text = In the fable, the virtuous farmer was rewarded for his kindness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	rewarded	reward	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reward** | past · passive |  | the virtuous farmer |  | the fable |  | for farmer's kindness | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for kindness=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt very virtuous after tidying my room without being asked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x3:1
# text = I felt very virtuous after tidying my room without being asked.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tidying	tidy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	asked	ask	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | virtuous *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tidy** | gerund | I *not said here* | my room |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund · passive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V» |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible praises a virtuous person who is honest and kind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x4:1
# text = The Bible praises a virtuous person who is honest and kind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	praises	praise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | present | the Bible | a virtuous person |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | a virtuous person |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a virtuous person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading more makes you better at reading, which makes you read more: a virtuous circle.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x5:1
# text = Reading more makes you better at reading, which makes you read more: a virtuous circle.
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	obj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | more |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present | Reading | you |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |
| 3 | **make** | present | reading | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **read** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She led a quiet and virtuous life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x6:1
# text = She led a quiet and virtuous life.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | She | a quiet life |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I am sure," said the king, "that this man is the most faithful and virtuous of men.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:virtuous:x7:1
# text = "I am sure," said the king, "that this man is the most faithful and virtuous of men.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	18	advmod	_	_
18	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	virtuous	virtuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the king *= king* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | this man |  |  |  |  | faithful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** *in a quote* |  | this man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of men | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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