---
title: visa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «visa» in the school dictionary: A visa is an official stamp or document that lets you enter, stay in, study or work in a foreign country for a certain time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# visa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** visa, official stamp, you, logo, people, Dad · **What happens:** be, let, enter, stay in, appear, say · **To what, where:** official stamp, foreign country, you, name, bank cards, student visa · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«visa» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [visa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/visa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A visa is an official stamp or document that lets you enter, stay in, study or work in a foreign country for a certain time.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:m1:1
# text = A visa is an official stamp or document that lets you enter, stay in, study or work in a foreign country for a certain time.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	official	official	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stamp	stamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a visa | a official stamp or document or work |  | a foreign country for a certain time |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | present | a official stamp or document or work | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **enter** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stay in** | infinitive | a visa *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Visa (with a capital V) is the name of a company whose logo appears on bank cards; people say «I'll pay by Visa».

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:m2:1
# text = Visa (with a capital V) is the name of a company whose logo appears on bank cards; people say «I'll pay by Visa».
1	Visa	Visa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	V	v	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	logo	logo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
22	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	ccomp	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Visa	Visa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Visa | the name |  |  |  | of a company | tree rules |
| 2 | **appear** | present | logo |  |  | bank cards |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on card=Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **pay** *in a quote* | future | people |  |  |  |  | by Visa | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad had to apply for a visa before his trip to China.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x1:1
# text = Dad had to apply for a visa before his trip to China.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	apply	apply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	China	China	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **apply** | to-infinitive | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  | before Dad's trip to China | for a visa | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent for visa=Eventuality |
| 3 | **trip** |  | Dad |  |  |  |  | to China | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin got a student visa to study in Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x2:1
# text = My cousin got a student visa to study in Canada.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | My cousin | a student visa |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer visa=Stimulus |
| 2 | **study** | to-infinitive | My cousin *not said here* |  |  | Canada |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some countries let you visit visa-free for a short time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x3:1
# text = Some countries let you visit visa-free for a short time.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	let	let	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	visit	visit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | some countries | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **visit** | infinitive | you *not said here* | visa |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visa=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The officer checked her passport and stamped her visa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x4:1
# text = The officer checked her passport and stamped her visa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	officer	officer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	passport	passport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the officer | officer's passport |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent passport=Theme |
| 2 | **stamp** | past | the officer *not said here* | officer's visa |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent visa=Destination |
| 3 | **visa** |  | officer |  |  |  |  |  | nom visa «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His visa runs out next month, so he must go home or renew it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x5:1
# text = His visa runs out next month, so he must go home or renew it.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
12	home	home	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	renew	renew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run out** | present | His visa |  |  |  | month | out *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | must | visa |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **renew** | infinitive | visa *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **visa** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom visa «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum paid for the shopping with her Visa card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x6:1
# text = Mum paid for the shopping with her Visa card.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shopping	shopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	Visa	Visa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | for the shopping; with Mum's Visa card | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for shopping=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A work visa allows you to have a job in another country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:visa:x7:1
# text = A work visa allows you to have a job in another country.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	visa	visa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	allows	allow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **allow** | present | a work visa | you |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer you=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a job |  | another country |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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