---
title: vista — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vista» in the school dictionary: A vista is a beautiful, wide view, especially a long one seen between hills, trees or buildings. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vista

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vista, Reading, we, train, window, photographer · **What happens:** be, see, mean, open, pass, sweep · **To what, where:** beautiful wide view, long one, range, new vistas, wonderful vista, top · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vista» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vista in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vista.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vista is a beautiful, wide view, especially a long one seen between hills, trees or buildings.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:m1:1
# text = A vista is a beautiful, wide view, especially a long one seen between hills, trees or buildings.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
14	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	between	between	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	buildings	building	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vista | a beautiful wide view |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | participle |  | a long one *not said here* |  |  |  | between hills and trees or buildings | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vista can also mean a range of future possibilities: «Reading opens new vistas.».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:m2:1
# text = A vista can also mean a range of future possibilities: «Reading opens new vistas.».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	range	range	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	possibilities	possibility	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Reading	reading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	vistas	vista	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a vista | a range of future possibilities |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** *in a quote* | present | Reading | new vistas |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location vista=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the top of the hill we saw a wonderful vista of fields and rivers.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x1:1
# text = From the top of the hill we saw a wonderful vista of fields and rivers.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | we | a wonderful vista of fields and rivers |  | the top of the hill |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vista=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train passed through sweeping mountain vistas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x2:1
# text = The train passed through sweeping mountain vistas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sweeping	sweep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vistas	vista	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | the train |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sweep** | gerund | the train *not said here* | mountain vistas |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme vista=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The window framed a vista of the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x3:1
# text = The window framed a vista of the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	framed	frame	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frame** | past | the window | a vista of the sea |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent vista=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learning to read opened up whole new vistas for Gran.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x4:1
# text = Learning to read opened up whole new vistas for Gran.
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	opened	open	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	vistas	vista	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive |  | opened whole new vistas |  |  |  | for Gran | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vista=Topic |
| 3 | **open up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photographer captured the vista at sunset.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x5:1
# text = The photographer captured the vista at sunset.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photographer	photographer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	captured	capture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **capture** | past | the photographer | the vista |  |  | sunset |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vista=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path ended at a vista over the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x6:1
# text = The path ended at a vista over the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | past | the path |  |  | a vista over the lake |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Halting at the entrance, they gazed through a long vista of lofty pillars, that were ranged from end to end of a great hall.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vista:x7:1
# text = Halting at the entrance, they gazed through a long vista of lofty pillars, that were ranged from end to end of a great hall.
1	Halting	halt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gazed	gaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	through	through	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	vista	vista	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	pillars	pillar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	ranged	range	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **halt** | gerund | they *not said here* |  |  | the entrance |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **gaze** | past | they |  |  |  |  | through a long vista of lofty pillars | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through vista=Theme |
| 3 | **range** | past · passive |  | that |  |  | from end; to end of a great hall |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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