---
title: vitamin — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vitamin» in the school dictionary: Vitamins are tiny natural substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vitamin

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vitamins, body, that, vitamin, Oranges, Carrots · **What happens:** be, need, stay, have, mean, help · **To what, where:** tiny natural substances, food, that, letter name, pill, vitamin

<!-- .vabout -->
«vitamin» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vitamin in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vitamin.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vitamins are tiny natural substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:m1:1
# text = Vitamins are tiny natural substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy.
1	Vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vitamins | tiny natural substances |  | food |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | your body | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | that *not said here* |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each vitamin has a letter name, like vitamin A, B, C, D, E or K.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:m2:1
# text = Each vitamin has a letter name, like vitamin A, B, C, D, E or K.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	B	B	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	C	C	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	D	D	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	E	E	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	K.	K.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each vitamin | a letter name |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vitamin can also mean a pill with vitamins in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:m3:1
# text = A vitamin can also mean a pill with vitamins in it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pill	pill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a vitamin | a pill |  |  |  | with vitamins in pill | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pill=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oranges are full of vitamin C.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x1:1
# text = Oranges are full of vitamin C.
1	Oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	C.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Oranges |  |  |  |  | of vitamin C.; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carrots have vitamin A, which is good for your eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x2:1
# text = Carrots have vitamin A, which is good for your eyes.
1	Carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Carrots | a vitamin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | a vitamin |  |  |  |  | for your eyes; good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sunshine helps your skin make vitamin D.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x3:1
# text = Sunshine helps your skin make vitamin D.
1	Sunshine	Sunshine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	D.	D.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Sunshine | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent skin=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | infinitive | your skin *not said here* | vitamin |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vitamin=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eat lots of fruit and vegetables to get your vitamins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x4:1
# text = Eat lots of fruit and vegetables to get your vitamins.
1	Eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | lots of fruit and vegetables |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | your vitamins |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer vitamin=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sailors long ago got ill without vitamin C.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x5:1
# text = Sailors long ago got ill without vitamin C.
1	Sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
3	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	C.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Sailors |  |  |  |  | without vitamin C.; ago, ill *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum takes a vitamin every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x6:1
# text = Mum takes a vitamin every morning.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | Mum | a vitamin |  |  | morning |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never eat vitamin pills like sweets; they are medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x7:1
# text = Never eat vitamin pills like sweets; they are medicine.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pills	pill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | imperative | you *not said here* | vitamin pills |  |  |  | like sweets | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pill=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | pills *= pill* | medicine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Milk and fish have vitamins and minerals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vitamin:x8:1
# text = Milk and fish have vitamins and minerals.
1	Milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	minerals	mineral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Milk and fish | vitamins and minerals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vitamin=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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