---
title: vocabulary — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vocabulary» in the school dictionary: Vocabulary is all the words a person knows or uses. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vocabulary

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vocabulary, person, words, Reading, you, French vocabulary test · **What happens:** be, know, use, mean, read, help · **To what, where:** words, subject, special words, vocabulary, list, lots

<!-- .vabout -->
«vocabulary» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vocabulary in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vocabulary.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vocabulary is all the words a person knows or uses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:m1:1
# text = Vocabulary is all the words a person knows or uses.
1	Vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vocabulary | all words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **know** | present | a person | all words *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus |
| 3 | **use** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vocabulary of a language or subject is all the words in it, or the special words used in it: maths vocabulary.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:m2:1
# text = The vocabulary of a language or subject is all the words in it, or the special words used in it: maths vocabulary.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
23	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	compound	_	_
24	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the vocabulary of a language or subject | all words or the special words and maths vocabulary |  | subject |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | the special words *not said here* |  | vocabulary |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vocabulary can be a list of words with their meanings, used for learning, especially a foreign language.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:m3:1
# text = A vocabulary can be a list of words with their meanings, used for learning, especially a foreign language.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	meanings	meaning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a vocabulary | a list |  |  |  | of words with words's meanings | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a list *not said here* |  |  |  | for learning and a foreign language | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** |  | words *= word* |  |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reading lots of books helps you build your vocabulary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x1:1
# text = Reading lots of books helps you build your vocabulary.
1	Reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | gerund |  | lots of books |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | Reading | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **build** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your vocabulary |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset vocabulary=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our French vocabulary test is on Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x2:1
# text = Our French vocabulary test is on Friday.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our French vocabulary test |  |  |  |  | on Friday | tree rules |
| 2 | **test** |  | Our |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sum» and «product» are maths vocabulary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x3:1
# text = «Sum» and «product» are maths vocabulary.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	product	product	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	compound	_	_
10	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sum and product | maths vocabulary |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a big vocabulary for her age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x4:1
# text = She has a big vocabulary for her age.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a big vocabulary |  |  | for her age |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocabulary=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learn the new science vocabulary at the back of the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x5:1
# text = Learn the new science vocabulary at the back of the book.
1	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the new science vocabulary |  | the back of the book |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocabulary=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby's vocabulary grows quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x6:1
# text = A baby's vocabulary grows quickly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a baby's vocabulary |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write each vocabulary word in a sentence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocabulary:x7:1
# text = Write each vocabulary word in a sentence.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | each vocabulary word |  | a sentence |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme in sentence=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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