---
title: vocalisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vocalisation» in the school dictionary: A vocalisation is a sound made with the voice, especially by an animal, like a bark, a howl, a song or a call. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vocalisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vocalisation, act, Wolves, Scientists, whale, first vocalisations · **What happens:** be, make, sing, use, record, vocalise · **To what, where:** sound, act, sounds, tune, vowel sounds, many vocalisations

<!-- .vabout -->
«vocalisation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vocalisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vocalisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vocalisation is a sound made with the voice, especially by an animal, like a bark, a howl, a song or a call.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:m1:1
# text = A vocalisation is a sound made with the voice, especially by an animal, like a bark, a howl, a song or a call.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vocalisation	vocalisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	howl	howl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vocalisation | a sound and a animal and a bark and a howl and a song or a call |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sound and a animal and a bark and a howl and a song or a call *not said here* |  |  |  | with the voice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vocalisation is the act of making sounds with the voice or of singing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:m2:1
# text = Vocalisation is the act of making sounds with the voice or of singing.
1	Vocalisation	Vocalisation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Vocalisation | the act |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | the act *not said here* | sounds |  |  |  | with the voice | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vocalisation is singing a tune on vowel sounds without words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:m3:1
# text = Vocalisation is singing a tune on vowel sounds without words.
1	Vocalisation	Vocalisation	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present · progressive | Vocalisation | a tune |  | vowel sounds without words |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tune=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wolves use many vocalisations, like howls and growls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:x1:1
# text = Wolves use many vocalisations, like howls and growls.
1	Wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	vocalisations	vocalisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	howls	howl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	growls	growl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Wolves | many vocalisations and howls and growls |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocalisation=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists recorded the whale's vocalisations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:x2:1
# text = Scientists recorded the whale's vocalisations.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recorded	record	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	whale	whale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	vocalisations	vocalisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | past | Scientists | the whale's vocalisations |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vocalisation=Theme |
| 2 | **vocalise** |  | the whale |  |  |  |  |  | nom vocalisation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby's first vocalisations are coos and gurgles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:x3:1
# text = A baby's first vocalisations are coos and gurgles.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	vocalisations	vocalisation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	coos	coo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	gurgles	gurgle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a baby's first vocalisations | coos and gurgles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **vocalise** |  | a baby |  |  |  |  |  | nom vocalisation «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birdsong is a kind of vocalisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:x4:1
# text = Birdsong is a kind of vocalisation.
1	Birdsong	birdsong	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	vocalisation	vocalisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Birdsong | a kind |  |  |  | of vocalisation | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer warmed up with vocalisation exercises.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vocalisation:x5:1
# text = The singer warmed up with vocalisation exercises.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warmed	warm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	vocalisation	vocalisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	exercises	exercise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warm up** | past | the singer |  |  |  |  | with vocalisation exercises | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient with exercise=Instrument |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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