---
title: voice — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «voice» in the school dictionary: Your voice is the sound you make when you speak or sing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# voice

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** voice, you, Having, She, I, He · **What happens:** be, make, speak, sing, have, mean · **To what, where:** sound, voice, right, opinion, beautiful singing voice, inside voice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«voice» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [voice in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/voice.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your voice is the sound you make when you speak or sing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:m1:1
# text = Your voice is the sound you make when you speak or sing.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your voice | the sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | you | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Product |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A voice can be loud, quiet, high, low, kind or angry.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:m2:1
# text = A voice can be loud, quiet, high, low, kind or angry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a voice |  |  |  |  | loud *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a voice means having the right to say what you think.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:m3:1
# text = Having a voice means having the right to say what you think.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	obj	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a voice |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Having |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Having *not said here* | the right |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Patient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | Having *not said here* | the right *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **think** *speech: other* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To voice an opinion means to say it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:m4:1
# text = To voice an opinion means to say it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | voice *not said here* | opinion |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a beautiful singing voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x1:1
# text = She has a beautiful singing voice.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	singing	singing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a beautiful singing voice |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please use your inside voice in the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x2:1
# text = Please use your inside voice in the library.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	inside	inside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | your inside voice |  | the library |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I lost my voice because I had a sore throat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x3:1
# text = I lost my voice because I had a sore throat.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | I | my voice |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Eventuality |
| 2 | **have** | past | I | a sore throat |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throat=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke in a shaking voice because he was scared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x4:1
# text = He spoke in a shaking voice because he was scared.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	shaking	shaking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  | a shaking voice |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't raise your voice at your sister.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x5:1
# text = Don't raise your voice at your sister.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	raise	raise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **raise** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your voice |  |  |  | at your sister | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent voice=Theme at sister=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I recognised Grandma's voice on the phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x6:1
# text = I recognised Grandma's voice on the phone.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recognise** | past | I | Grandma's voice |  | the phone |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every pupil should have a voice in the class rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x7:1
# text = Every pupil should have a voice in the class rules.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | should | every pupil | a voice |  | the class rules |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your voice comes from your vocal cords vibrating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x8:1
# text = Your voice comes from your vocal cords vibrating.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	vocal	vocal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cords	cord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	vibrating	vibrate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Your voice |  |  | your vocal cords |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from cord=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **vibrate** | gerund | your vocal cords *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Boat ahoy!” again came the voice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:voice:x9:1
# text = “Boat ahoy!” again came the voice.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ahoy	ahoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Boat ahoy |  |  |  | again |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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