---
title: volcanic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «volcanic» in the school dictionary: Volcanic means made by, coming from or to do with a volcano, like volcanic rock or volcanic ash. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# volcanic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Volcanic, volcanic area, area, volcanic temper, volcano, Pumice · **What happens:** mean, make, come, do, have, form · **To what, where:** volcanoes, Hawaii, light volcanic rock, water, cars, mountain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«volcanic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [volcanic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/volcanic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volcanic means made by, coming from or to do with a volcano, like volcanic rock or volcanic ash.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:m1:1
# text = Volcanic means made by, coming from or to do with a volcano, like volcanic rock or volcanic ash.
1	Volcanic	Volcanic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
7	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Volcanic |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a volcano | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A volcanic area or island has volcanoes or was formed by them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:m2:1
# text = A volcanic area or island has volcanoes or was formed by them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	volcanoes	volcano	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	formed	form	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a volcanic area or island | volcanoes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent volcano=Patient |
| 2 | **form** | past · passive | area |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A volcanic temper or anger bursts out suddenly and strongly, like a volcano erupting.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:m3:1
# text = A volcanic temper or anger bursts out suddenly and strongly, like a volcano erupting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	volcanic	volcanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	temper	temper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	bursts	burst	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
15	erupting	erupt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burst out** | present | a volcanic temper or anger |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **erupt** | gerund | a volcano *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hawaii is made of volcanic islands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x1:1
# text = Hawaii is made of volcanic islands.
1	Hawaii	Hawaii	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Hawaii |  |  |  | of volcanic islands | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pumice is a light volcanic rock that can float on water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x2:1
# text = Pumice is a light volcanic rock that can float on water.
1	Pumice	pumice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	float	float	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pumice | a light volcanic rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **float** | can | a light volcanic rock |  |  | water |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volcanic ash covered the cars and roads.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x3:1
# text = Volcanic ash covered the cars and roads.
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | Volcanic ash | the cars and roads |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists watch for volcanic activity near the mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x4:1
# text = Scientists watch for volcanic activity near the mountain.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watch	watch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | present | Scientists |  |  | the mountain |  | for volcanic activity | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for activity=Theme near mountain=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
New Zealand has many volcanic lakes and hot springs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x5:1
# text = New Zealand has many volcanic lakes and hot springs.
1	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
2	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	springs	spring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | New Zealand | many volcanic lakes and hot springs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lake=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soil near the volcano is rich and good for farming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x6:1
# text = The soil near the volcano is rich and good for farming.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	near	near	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	volcano	volcano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the soil near the volcano |  |  |  |  | for farming; rich *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the soil near the volcano *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Planes could not fly because of the volcanic ash cloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x7:1
# text = Planes could not fly because of the volcanic ash cloud.
1	Planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly** | could | Planes |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant had a volcanic temper and roared at everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:volcanic:x8:1
# text = The giant had a volcanic temper and roared at everyone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	volcanic	volcanic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	temper	temper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	roared	roar	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the giant | a volcanic temper |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temper=Patient |
| 2 | **roar** | past | the giant *not said here* |  |  | everyone |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at everyone=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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