---
title: vole — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vole» in the school dictionary: A vole is a small, plump rodent like a mouse, with a short tail, small ears and a blunt nose, that lives in fields, woods and riverbanks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vole

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** vole, that, barn owl, Voles, Ratty, Water voles · **What happens:** be, live, swoop down, catch, have, dig · **To what, where:** small plump rodent, fields, vole, shorter tails, water vole, burrows

<!-- .vabout -->
«vole» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vole in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vole.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A vole is a small, plump rodent like a mouse, with a short tail, small ears and a blunt nose, that lives in fields, woods and riverbanks.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:m1:1
# text = A vole is a small, plump rodent like a mouse, with a short tail, small ears and a blunt nose, that lives in fields, woods and riverbanks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vole	vole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	plump	plump	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rodent	rodent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	blunt	blunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	riverbanks	riverbank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a vole | a small plump rodent and a short tail  small ears and a blunt nose |  |  |  | like a mouse | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | that |  |  | fields and woods and riverbanks |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A barn owl swooped down and caught a vole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x1:1
# text = A barn owl swooped down and caught a vole.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	barn	barn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swooped	swoop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vole	vole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swoop down** | past | a barn owl |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | past | a barn owl *not said here* | a vole |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vole=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voles have shorter tails than mice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x2:1
# text = Voles have shorter tails than mice.
1	Voles	vole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shorter	short	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Voles | shorter tails |  |  |  | than mice | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ratty in «The Wind in the Willows» is really a water vole.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x3:1
# text = Ratty in «The Wind in the Willows» is really a water vole.
1	Ratty	Ratty	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Wind	Wind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Willows	Willow	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	really	really	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	vole	vole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ratty in the Wind in the Willows | a water vole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water voles dig burrows in riverbanks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x4:1
# text = Water voles dig burrows in riverbanks.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	voles	vole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dig	dig	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	burrows	burrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	riverbanks	riverbank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | present | Water voles | burrows |  | riverbanks |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent burrow=Theme in riverbank=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found vole tunnels in the long grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x5:1
# text = We found vole tunnels in the long grass.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vole	vole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | vole tunnels |  | the long grass |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tunnel=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Voles eat grass, roots and seeds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x6:1
# text = Voles eat grass, roots and seeds.
1	Voles	vole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Voles | grass and roots and seeds |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grass=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kestrel hovered, looking for voles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vole:x7:1
# text = The kestrel hovered, looking for voles.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kestrel	kestrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hovered	hover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	voles	vole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hover** | past | the kestrel |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | the kestrel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for voles | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for vole=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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