---
title: vulnerable — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «vulnerable» in the school dictionary: Vulnerable means easily hurt, harmed or attacked, in body or feelings. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# vulnerable

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Vulnerable, people, you, Babies, weak gate, castle · **What happens:** mean, hurt, harm, attack, need, be · **To what, where:** body, extra protection, something, care, castle, secret · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«vulnerable» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [vulnerable in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/vulnerable.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vulnerable means easily hurt, harmed or attacked, in body or feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:m1:1
# text = Vulnerable means easily hurt, harmed or attacked, in body or feelings.
1	Vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Vulnerable |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **harm** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **attack** | participle |  |  |  | body or feelings |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vulnerable people are those who need extra protection, such as young children, very old people or people who are ill.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:m2:1
# text = Vulnerable people are those who need extra protection, such as young children, very old people or people who are ill.
1	Vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	17	det	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	protection	protection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present |  | extra protection and young children |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot protection=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | people |  |  |  |  | ill *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open to something bad: «vulnerable to colds».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:m3:1
# text = Open to something bad: «vulnerable to colds».
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obl	_	_
4	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | something |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to something=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies are very vulnerable and need care.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x1:1
# text = Babies are very vulnerable and need care.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Babies |  |  |  |  | vulnerable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | Babies *not said here* | care |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot care=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle's weak gate made it vulnerable to attack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x2:1
# text = The castle's weak gate made it vulnerable to attack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	attack	attack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the castle's weak gate | castle |  |  |  | vulnerable *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **attack** | to-infinitive | castle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt vulnerable when I told everyone my secret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x3:1
# text = I felt vulnerable when I told everyone my secret.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	obj	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I |  |  |  |  | vulnerable *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | I | my secret | everyone |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Recipient secret=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old people are more vulnerable to the flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x4:1
# text = Old people are more vulnerable to the flu.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Old people |  |  |  |  | to the flu; vulnerable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pandas are a vulnerable species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x5:1
# text = Pandas are a vulnerable species.
1	Pandas	panda	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pandas | a vulnerable species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never share your password; it makes you vulnerable online.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x6:1
# text = Never share your password; it makes you vulnerable online.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	online	online	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **share** | imperative | you *not said here* | your password |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | password | you |  |  |  | vulnerable *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material you=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The charity helps vulnerable families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:vulnerable:x7:1
# text = The charity helps vulnerable families.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the charity | vulnerable families |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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