---
title: waft — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «waft» in the school dictionary: To waft is to move gently through the air, like a light breeze carrying something along. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# waft

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**Who acts:** light breeze, waft, smell, bread, feather, cloud · **What happens:** be, carry, waft, smell, waft down · **To what, where:** air, something, water, kitchen, tree, sky

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«waft» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [waft in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/waft.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To waft is to move gently through the air, like a light breeze carrying something along.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:waft:m1:1
# text = To waft is to move gently through the air, like a light breeze carrying something along.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	waft	waft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
15	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	along	along	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the air |  | gently, move *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | a light breeze *not said here* | something |  |  |  | along *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To waft is to carry someone or something away over water or through the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:waft:m2:1
# text = To waft is to carry someone or something away over water or through the air.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	waft	waft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	conj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | waft |  |  | water or the air |  | away, carry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smell of bread wafted from the kitchen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:waft:x1:1
# text = The smell of bread wafted from the kitchen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	wafted	waft	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **waft** | past | the smell of bread |  |  | the kitchen |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **smell** |  | bread |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A feather wafted down from the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:waft:x2:1
# text = A feather wafted down from the tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wafted	waft	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **waft down** | past | a feather |  |  | the tree |  | down *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cloud wafted slowly across the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:waft:x3:1
# text = The cloud wafted slowly across the sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wafted	waft	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **waft** | past | the cloud |  |  | the sky |  | slowly *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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