---
title: warble — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «warble» in the school dictionary: Of a bird: to sing with a sweet, trembling, changing sound. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# warble

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, blackbirds, Grandad, voice, warble, sister · **What happens:** sing, tremble, change, say, warble, hear · **To what, where:** sound, high wobbly voice, little bird, hedge, blackbirds, old song · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«warble» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [warble in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/warble.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a bird: to sing with a sweet, trembling, changing sound.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:m1:1
# text = Of a bird: to sing with a sweet, trembling, changing sound.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	trembling	tremble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	changing	change	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
14	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a sweet | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with sweet=Theme |
| 2 | **tremble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **change** | gerund |  | sound |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a person: to sing in a high, wobbly voice, often said jokingly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:m2:1
# text = Of a person: to sing in a high, wobbly voice, often said jokingly.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	wobbly	wobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
16	jokingly	jokingly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a high wobbly voice |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in voice=Location |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | jokingly, often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A warbling sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:m3:1
# text = A warbling sound.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	warbling	warbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A little bird warbled in the hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x1:1
# text = A little bird warbled in the hedge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	warbled	warble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warble** | participle |  | a little bird *not said here* |  | the hedge |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard blackbirds warbling at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x2:1
# text = We heard blackbirds warbling at dawn.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	blackbirds	blackbird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	warbling	warble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | blackbirds |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer blackbird=Stimulus |
| 2 | **warble** | gerund | blackbirds *not said here* |  |  |  | dawn |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad warbled an old song while he made the tea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x3:1
# text = Grandad warbled an old song while he made the tea.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	warbled	warble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warble** | past | Grandad | a old song |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent song=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | Grandad | the tea |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tea=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The singer's voice warbled on the high notes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x4:1
# text = The singer's voice warbled on the high notes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	warbled	warble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warble** | past | the singer's voice |  |  | the high notes |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The warble of the robin filled the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x5:1
# text = The warble of the robin filled the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	warble	warble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	robin	robin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the warble of the robin | the garden |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sister warbles along to every song on the radio.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x6:1
# text = My sister warbles along to every song on the radio.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	warbles	warble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warble** | present | My sister |  | every song on the radio |  |  | along *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to song=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Through the forest, and in the vale, Sweetly warbles the nightingale.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warble:x7:1
# text = "Through the forest, and in the vale, Sweetly warbles the nightingale.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vale	vale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	Sweetly	Sweetly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	warbles	warble	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **warble** *in a quote* | present | Sweetly | the nightingale |  | the vale |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent nightingale=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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