---
title: wart — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «wart» in the school dictionary: A wart is a small, hard, rough lump that grows on the skin, often on hands or feet, caused by a virus. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/wart/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [W](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/) / wart

# wart

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wart, small hard rough lump, I, you, doctor, witch · **What happens:** be, grow, cause, have, not pick, spread · **To what, where:** small hard rough lump, skin, hands, small lump, plant, wart · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«wart» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [wart in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/wart.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wart is a small, hard, rough lump that grows on the skin, often on hands or feet, caused by a virus.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:m1:1
# text = A wart is a small, hard, rough lump that grows on the skin, often on hands or feet, caused by a virus.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a wart | a small hard rough lump |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a small hard rough lump |  |  | the skin |  | on hands or feet | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on skin=Location |
| 3 | **cause** | participle |  | hands or feet *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wart can be any small lump on a plant or animal's skin, like on a toad.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:m2:1
# text = A wart can be any small lump on a plant or animal's skin, like on a toad.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lump	lump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a wart | any small lump and a toad |  | a plant or animal's skin |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a wart on my finger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x1:1
# text = I have a wart on my finger.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a wart |  | my finger |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wart=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pick at a wart; it can spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x2:1
# text = Don't pick at a wart; it can spread.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pick** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at a wart | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at wart=Patient |
| 2 | **spread** | can | wart |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor froze the wart to remove it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x3:1
# text = The doctor froze the wart to remove it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | past | the doctor | the wart |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient wart=Result |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive | the doctor *not said here* | wart |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear flip-flops in the changing room to avoid a verruca, a wart on the foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x4:1
# text = Wear flip-flops in the changing room to avoid a verruca, a wart on the foot.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	flops	flop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	changing	changing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	verruca	verruca	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | flip flops |  | the changing room |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent flop=Source |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a verruca |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent verruca=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch in the picture had a wart on her nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x5:1
# text = The witch in the picture had a wart on her nose.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wart	wart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the witch in the picture | a wart |  | witch's nose |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wart=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toads have bumpy skin, but you can't catch warts from them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x6:1
# text = Toads have bumpy skin, but you can't catch warts from them.
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Toads | bumpy skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **catch** | can | you | warts |  |  |  | from Toads *= toad* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent wart=Theme from they=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He told the story of his trip, warts and all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x7:1
# text = He told the story of his trip, warts and all.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | He | the story of his trip and warts |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |
| 2 | **trip** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warthogs have lumps on their faces that look like warts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:wart:x8:1
# text = Warthogs have lumps on their faces that look like warts.
1	Warthogs	warthog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Warthogs | lumps |  | Warthogs's faces |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lump=Patient |
| 2 | **look** | present | Warthogs's faces |  |  |  |  | like warts | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [warship](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/warship/)
- next →: [warthog](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/warthog/)
- ↑ back to [W in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/W/)