---
title: warty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «warty» in the school dictionary: Warty means covered with warts, small hard lumps on the skin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# warty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Warty, warty toad, witch, pumpkins, warty newt, Toads · **What happens:** mean, cover, have, sit, be, rub · **To what, where:** lumpy bumpy surface, stone, warty green nose, rough dark skin, warty knobbly trunk, warty hands · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«warty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [warty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/warty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warty means covered with warts, small hard lumps on the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:m1:1
# text = Warty means covered with warts, small hard lumps on the skin.
1	Warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lumps	lump	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	appos	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Warty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with warts | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with wart=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warty means having a lumpy, bumpy surface like warts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:m2:1
# text = Warty means having a lumpy, bumpy surface like warts.
1	Warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	lumpy	lumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	warts	wart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Warty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** *not said to happen* | gerund | Warty *not said here* | a lumpy bumpy surface |  |  |  | like warts | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surface=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The warty toad sat under a stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x1:1
# text = The warty toad sat under a stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the warty toad |  |  | a stone |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under stone=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch in the story had a warty green nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x2:1
# text = The witch in the story had a warty green nose.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the witch in the story | a warty green nose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some pumpkins are warty and bumpy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x3:1
# text = Some pumpkins are warty and bumpy.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	pumpkins	pumpkin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some pumpkins |  |  |  |  | warty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | some pumpkins *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The warty newt has rough, dark skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x4:1
# text = The warty newt has rough, dark skin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	newt	newt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the warty newt | rough dark skin |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toads are warty, but frogs are usually smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x5:1
# text = Toads are warty, but frogs are usually smooth.
1	Toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Toads |  |  |  |  | warty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | frogs |  |  |  |  | smooth, usually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old tree had a warty, knobbly trunk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x6:1
# text = The old tree had a warty, knobbly trunk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	knobbly	knobbly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old tree | a warty knobbly trunk |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trunk=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The goblin rubbed his warty hands together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x7:1
# text = The goblin rubbed his warty hands together.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	goblin	goblin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rubbed	rub	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rub** | past | the goblin | goblin's warty hands |  |  |  | together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ridge of inky water rushed foaming mountainously on his board, and behind that ridge came a vast warty head that gurgled and groaned.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:warty:x8:1
# text = A ridge of inky water rushed foaming mountainously on his board, and behind that ridge came a vast warty head that gurgled and groaned.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	inky	inky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	foaming	foam	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	mountainously	mountainously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
19	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	warty	warty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	gurgled	gurgle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	groaned	groan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush** | past | a ridge of inky water |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **foam** | gerund | a ridge of inky water *not said here* |  |  | ridge's board |  | mountainously *property* | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on board=Location |
| 3 | **come** | past | a vast warty head |  |  | that ridge |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind ridge=Location |
| 4 | **gurgle** | past | a vast warty head |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **groan** | past | a vast warty head *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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