---
title: welding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «welding» in the school dictionary: Joining two pieces of metal (or plastic) by heating them until they melt a little and flow together, then letting them cool into one piece. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# welding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pieces, Welding, He, things, uncle, welder · **What happens:** join, heat, melt, flow, let, cool · **To what, where:** two pieces, pieces, little, one piece, ing form, gate · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«welding» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [welding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/welding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joining two pieces of metal (or plastic) by heating them until they melt a little and flow together, then letting them cool into one piece.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:m1:1
# text = Joining two pieces of metal (or plastic) by heating them until they melt a little and flow together, then letting them cool into one piece.
1	Joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	heating	heat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	melt	melt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
20	together	together	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
23	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
24	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	cool	cool	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund |  | two pieces of metal |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |
| 2 | **heat** | gerund |  | pieces *= piece* |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **melt** | present | pieces *= piece* | a little |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **flow** | infinitive | pieces *= piece* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **let** | gerund |  | pieces *= piece* |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **cool** | infinitive | pieces *= piece* *not said here* |  |  | one piece |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Welding» is also the -ing form of «weld»: «He is welding the gate».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:m2:1
# text = «Welding» is also the -ing form of «weld»: «He is welding the gate».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Welding	welding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	weld	weld	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
15	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	welding	weld	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	acl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Welding | the ing form |  |  |  | of weld | tree rules |
| 2 | **weld** *in a quote* | present · progressive | He | the gate |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The job or trade of a welder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:m3:1
# text = The job or trade of a welder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	welder	welder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trade** |  |  | a welder |  |  |  |  | nom trade «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Welding can also mean joining two things so closely that they become one whole.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:m4:1
# text = Welding can also mean joining two things so closely that they become one whole.
1	Welding	welding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	xcomp	_	_
14	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Welding |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **join** *not said to happen* | gerund | Welding *not said here* | two things |  |  |  | closely *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 3 | **become** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle does welding at the shipyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x1:1
# text = My uncle does welding at the shipyard.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	welding	weld	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shipyard	shipyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | My uncle |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weld** | gerund | My uncle *not said here* |  |  | the shipyard |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The welder wore a dark mask to protect her eyes from the bright light.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x2:1
# text = The welder wore a dark mask to protect her eyes from the bright light.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	welder	welder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mask	mask	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the welder | a dark mask |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mask=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | the welder *not said here* | welder's eyes |  |  |  | from the bright light | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary from light=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are welding the broken gate back together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x3:1
# text = They are welding the broken gate back together.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	welding	weld	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **weld** | present · progressive | They | the broken gate |  |  |  | together *property* | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sparks flew from the welding torch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x4:1
# text = Sparks flew from the welding torch.
1	Sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	welding	welding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | Sparks |  |  | the welding torch |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from torch=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never stare at welding light, because it can hurt your eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x5:1
# text = Never stare at welding light, because it can hurt your eyes.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	stare	stare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	welding	weld	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stare** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **weld** | gerund | you *not said here* | light |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | can | light | your eyes |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer eye=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The steel beams of the bridge were joined by welding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x6:1
# text = The steel beams of the bridge were joined by welding.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	beams	beam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	welding	weld	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past · passive |  | the steel beams of the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **weld** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **beam** |  |  | the bridge |  |  |  |  | nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the school fair a robot showed how car welding works.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:welding:x7:1
# text = At the school fair a robot showed how car welding works.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	fair	fair	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	robot	robot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	welding	welding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fair** | present |  |  |  | the school |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | past | a robot |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **work** | present | car welding |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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