---
title: western — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «western» in the school dictionary: Western means in, from or towards the west: western Canada, a western wind. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# western

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Western, sun, Perth, It, Grandpa, Western Ireland · **What happens:** mean, describe, be, set, rain, love · **To what, where:** countries, western film, 1800s, western sky, capital, western side

<!-- .vabout -->
«western» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [western in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/western.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Western means in, from or towards the west: western Canada, a western wind.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:m1:1
# text = Western means in, from or towards the west: western Canada, a western wind.
1	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Western |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Western (often «Western») describes the countries of Europe and North America and their way of life.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:m2:1
# text = Western (often «Western») describes the countries of Europe and North America and their way of life.
1	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
8	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Western | the countries of Europe and North America and Europe's way of life |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent country=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Western culture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:m2e:1
# text = Western culture.
1	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A western is a film or story about cowboys in the American West in the 1800s.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:m3:1
# text = A western is a film or story about cowboys in the American West in the 1800s.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	American	American	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a western film or story about cowboys in the American West |  | the 1800s |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun sets in the western sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x1:1
# text = The sun sets in the western sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sets	set	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | present | the sun |  |  | the western sky |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in sky=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Perth is the capital of Western Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x2:1
# text = Perth is the capital of Western Australia.
1	Perth	perth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Western	Western	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	7	compound	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Perth | the capital |  |  |  | of Western Australia | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rains more on the western side of the mountains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x3:1
# text = It rains more on the western side of the mountains.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	2	advmod	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | present | It |  |  | the western side of the mountains |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa loves watching old westerns with cowboys.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x4:1
# text = Grandpa loves watching old westerns with cowboys.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	westerns	western	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	cowboys	cowboy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **watch** *not said to happen* | gerund | Grandpa *not said here* | old westerns |  |  |  | with cowboys | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent western=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Western Ireland faces the Atlantic Ocean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x5:1
# text = Western Ireland faces the Atlantic Ocean.
1	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	faces	face	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Atlantic	Atlantic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | present | Western Ireland |  | the Atlantic Ocean |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent ocean=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A western wind blew from the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x6:1
# text = A western wind blew from the sea.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | a western wind |  |  |  |  | from the sea | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from sea=Co-Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sun was but a handsbreadth from the western edge of land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:western:x7:1
# text = The sun was but a handsbreadth from the western edge of land.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	handsbreadth	handsbreadth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the sun | a handsbreadth |  | the western edge of land |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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